The Ride

The Ride The Ride is the story of the heinous and gruesome murder of ten year old, Jeffrey Curley, a case that is familiar to many in the Massachusetts area. The book works its way from the grisly crime to the years afterward. It focuses on the family of Jeffrey, heavily weighted on the life of Cambridge Firefighter Bob Curley, Jeffrey’s father. Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari, both from Jeffrey’s neighborhood were convicted of the murder.Within this essay I will demonstrate from The Ride the relationship between reporting and suffering that may have been brought on for the crime victims of this case, the relationship between the victim profiles and the victim family profiles, the role in which the family may have played in the crime, relationships that developed between the victim and the victim’s families of this event and how the Restorative Justice Model would have better served the victims of this crime. The indirect victims, The Curley’s, as a re sult of this crime experienced a magnitude of media sensation from the very onset of the event.Some of it being in helpful, useful ways and some times in negative ways. Once it was reported that Jeffrey Curley was missing, the media went to great lengths to get his information publicized and to bring awareness to the Boston area of his disappearance. Hundreds of community members gathered and started conducting their own searches. Fliers were made depicting a young Little League player and posted in almost every business and on every street pole. Persons who were not familiar or an acquaintance of the Curley’s offered their help and services in the search for the missing boy.The innocence of the young boy portrayed in the fliers tore at the heartstrings of all Boston residents. Along with all the positive outpouring from the community and the media, also came negative aspects. Nearly every media outlet in the Boston area took up camp on the streets in and around the Curley ho me, often times confining the Curley’s to their home. If they were able to leave, they were bombarded with request for interviews, which I believe can lead to further victimization at such a tragic and terrifying time. The Curley’s grief was widely publicized and sensationalize after the crime occurred.In the book, the Curley’s were depicted as an average lower income, divorced family. Shortly after the disappearance and murder of Jeffrey Curley rumors also began spreading throughout the community about the Curley’s and their parenting tactics. It was mentioned in the book that people questioned why Jeffrey would be allowed to roam around the neighborhood unsupervised throughout the day. A lower income neighborhood, where often times young adults and teenagers were seen gathering at street corners, the sort of places where petty crimes and mischievous behavior took place.The Curley’s felt scrutinized by some of the comments that were being passed a round, thus leading to further victimizations of the family. It was mentioned that the Curley’s felt responsible in some way for Jeffery’s disappearance, rape and murder. They agonized over all the â€Å"what ifs† and if they could have made a difference. The abovementioned rumors only added more guilt to their already traumatized lives. As a result of this crime, many relationships were established between the victims and numerous agencies, social groups, special interest groups, and politicians, as well as the criminal justice system.Some of these relationships were positive and some were negative. Bob Curley and his family went to extreme measures to have the death penalty reinstated in the state of Massachusetts. The Curley’s began this journey by contacting Senators and Representatives to help spark a need for the reinstatement of the death penalty. The Boston area had been plagued with vicious and heinous crimes for years, and the Jeffrey Curley mur der put the wheels in motion for changes to be made in the criminal justice system.In a heated battle for the reinstatement, lawmakers who once opposed the death penalty were changing their stance, but in the end certain lawmakers that proposed it changed their stance too. In the end opponents were able to kill the death penalty bill with an 80-80 tie. The Curley’s were outraged at the decision, as they thought there was hope of getting this bill passed. They had lobbied, protested, gathered petitions, and worked day and night during this period, only to have it rejected. As proponents of the death penalty, they felt that Jeffrey’s murder was meaningless and unregarded to warrant such a penalty.Throughout the Curley’s journey of this crime, specifically for Bob Curley, relationships that he never thought he would have were emerging at every corner. A once advocate for the reinstatement of capital punishment was beginning to form relationships with persons who op posed such. Not the heated debate relationships he was accustomed to, but good open and honest communication. He connected with victims of other heinous crimes, such as the father of a victim of the Oklahoma City bombing event, which resulted in his daughter’s death.Although suffering the loss of his daughter he was still an opponent of capital punishment. Bob Curley slowly began to change his views on capital punishment and became more open to the idea of opposition. Over a year after his encounter with these victims, Bob Curley changed his stance on capital punishment and now opposed it. Despite backlash from his family, Bob Curley remained firm on his newfound decision and remains that way today. I believe that this change in stance and new friendships he made helped Bob Curley in the healing process.Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari were tried separately and in separate courts. The book depicts Jaynes as the mastermind behind the crime and Sicari, the accomplice. Jaynes was known to have pedophile tendencies and often was outspoken about such. Jeffrey was a young, naive boy, who was easily persuaded by Jaynes. Sicari was tried first and received life in prison without the possibility of parole. Jaynes on the other hand was convicted of second-degree murder. Once again, the Curley’s were outraged with the latter verdict. Jaynes, who had been known to be the mastermind, received a lessor sentence than the accomplice.I believe any faith the Curley’s had in the criminal justice system was greatly diminished by the verdict. Again, the Curley’s continued to suffer further revictimization as a result. Bob Curley’s personal relationship with his significant other, Mimi, also became strained as a result of this crime. As one can imagine, Bob Curley suffered great depression after the murder of his son. He became withdrawn and distant from Mimi. He also turned to drinking alcohol on a daily basis as a coping mechanism. As a resul t, he became violent with Mimi, and was forced out of the home and was estranged from her.Serving as a wake up call, Bob Curley sought professional help and help from Alcoholic’s Anonymous. After a significant amount of time apart, Bob and Mimi were eventually able to mend their relationship. I believe that much of the above mentioned information, problems and conclusions could have been prevented with the newly emerging Restorative Justice Model. Bob Curley, as well as the rest of the Curley family carried an extreme amount of hatred, as one can only imagine. However, by doing so they suffered even deeper and were continually revictimized as a result.Bob Curley often times had courtroom outburst at the offenders, shouting obscenities. If the Curley’s had taken part in some type of reconciliation, peacemaking or mediation process much of their suffering and revictimization could have been prevented. Jeffrey’s mother, Barbara still has not been able to get closur e or peace as a result of this crime. She is no longer able to work a full-time job and lives with one of her sons. Had Restorative Justice been an option and had the Curley’s taken advantage of it, I believe much of their suffering and agony could have been avoided.The term victim is derived from the Latin term, to sacrifice, and the Curley’s, unfortunately, hold true to the definition. They have paid the ultimate price for the heinous crime committed against Jeffrey Curley in 1997. The journey they have been forced to travel on has brought suffering to them through numerous agencies, them to labeled and profiled, periods of guilt feelings, and numerous relationships to formed, both good and bad. References: Macquarrie, B. (2009) The Ride. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.

Organization Methods

Organizational methods and tone used in Douglas Todd’s â€Å"Beware the Boredom Boom† Douglas Todd’s essay â€Å"Beware the Boredom Boom† is a logically organized piece about the often minimized plague of boredom eating away at society. The topic he is approaching in this essay is one that could be easily dismissed by any serious reader, and so it must be treated carefully and written in such a way that creates interest without over or under dramatizing the problem.I am going to discuss Todd’s organizational methods and tone as they lend to the overall effectiveness of the essay. Todd begins his essay with a couple of brief stories about people in the mall experiencing boredom. This is a solid introduction, as story-telling is pretty much a certain way to spark readers’ interests. Todd then branches into a brief description of boredom over the course of human history, as described by major historical figures.This is where he is building his c ase for boredom as a legitimate topic of academic discussion, and then he finally dives into the content of his essay. â€Å"Boredom is not a subject to be treated tongue-in-cheek. Boredom matters† (pp. 503). Here, with the introduction of his thesis, he is demanding that his readers take the subject seriously, telling them outright that boredom is not a joke and he is not about to treat it casually.He used the device of storytelling to give a light-hearted, interest-sparking appeal to his essay, only to later disallow the topic to be treated in a flippant way at all. This further promotes the reader’s interest by catching him off-guard. Todd really needed to jolt the reader like this in order to force him to take seriously a topic that many understand as being frustrating but benign. Once he has the reader’s attention, Todd is able to start presenting his argument for boredom as a chronic syndrome having an increasingly negative effect on our society.He cites v arious studies and scientific figures as a means of building his case for the deeply-impacting negative effects of boredom, outlining what a truly serious and potentially devastating problem it really is. He also directly addresses the seeming paradox of boredom becoming such a prevalent plague in a society which is constantly bombarded with various forms of stimulation and ever-experience-enhancing advancing technology. â€Å"Plugged in at home and on the street to TV, the Internet, laptops, DVDs, cell phones and MP3s, many young people are becoming merely reactive† (pp.XXX). In fact, through his carefully presented research and thoroughly articulated arguments, Todd is able to effectively show the reader just how it is those very elements are what is causing, promoting, and perpetuating this increasingly threatening downward spiral of aimless boredom. Todd’s organizational method here was highly effective, because he is effectively able to grab the reader’s at tention right from the beginning, and, once he had it, he is able to maintain that attention through his various examples of scientific research, personal testimonies, and direct quotes.This organizational method also succeeded in forcing the reader to take the subject matter seriously, which was Todd’s primary goal. He was also able to succeed in doing this with his writing style and tone. Todd’s tone throughout this piece is slightly humorous while also remaining very serious. His tone can seem light-hearted at times, and his personal voice is ever present in his word choice and sentence construction: â€Å"It was impossible to be bored in hard-scrabble primitive days because the fight for survival kept you forever on your toes† (pp. XXX).However, this light-hearted writing style is yet another device that Todd employs in order to keep his reader’s attention. It is through his witty remarks that the reader is able to more fully understand the points he is making. As in the example stated above, while it does seem like a sarcastic side comment, this is yet another idea that forces the reader to pause and really think about the argument Todd has presented: after a brief reflection, this â€Å"sarcastic† comment makes perfect sense, and seems to succinctly explain how exactly people got to be so terribly bored.Todd’s essay is very effective at treating the â€Å"problem† of boredom in a serious and engaging way. His writing style is clear, concise, and simple. His organization is very structured and creates an appropriate step-by-step approach to the idea of something as common as boredom actually being a social plight. His tone carries the reader through in a way that was helpful and guiding while also being challenging, forcing the reader to really think.

Real Estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Real Estate - Essay Example This exercise has two aims. One is to see whether my house will fetch a goof price in the market so that it can be bought by any of the young people searching for homes. If a good price is offered, then the proceeds of the sale can be used to buy a better house. My house is a two bed-room one and its floor area is approximately 1700 square feet. The above mentioned aim does not seem to be feasible since land prices across the country have fallen due to the recession that has hit the country. I had contacted a builder on the premise of wanting a new home. He said that the Charlotte market like most places in the country has become a buyer’s market and the prices had crashed since the start of the depression. He also directed me to a website to verify what he had said. It appears that the situation was far from satisfactory to a seller and very satisfactory to buyers. According to the website, the current square foot price as of March 1st, 2009 was only $95 for homes in Charlotte. This had fallen to the current level from a high of nearly $185 in July 2008. (Real Time Market Profile for Charlotte). According to the above figures the value of my home would be as follows In such a scenario, it will be worthwhile to compare prices if one wants to buy a ready made house or construct one instead. A search with an agent also shows that prices are low. It shows that three bed room houses are available in the market for at only slightly higher price than what was seen in my valuation. Prices of two and three bed room independent houses with similar or higher square feet are available at prices ranging from $165,000 to $169,000. One particularly attractive house with 1,800 square foot and having three bedrooms and two baths was available for 168,000 dollars. This means that the square foot price of the home was about 93 dollars per square foot. This comes to less than the market price as on March 1st

English legal system case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English legal system case report - Essay Example ited type of knife has been described by this section as one that has an automatically opening blade (Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act (c.37), 1959). However, in this knife, the blade should open when hand pressure is applied to a button or other device attached to the knife handle. Such offence attracts the following punishment, on summary conviction. For a first offence the offender will be sentenced to prison for a term that does not exceed three months or to a fine that is limited to  £50 or to both (Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act (c.37), 1959). In this case, the chief inspector charged the respondent with an offence under the provisions of section 1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959. The charge was that on 26 October1959, the respondent had made an offer of sale with respect to a prohibited variety of knife. This knife opened automatically on pressure being applied to a device that was attached to the handle of the knife (Souper, 2008). The respondent consented to the police constable’s request to examine the knife. Thereafter, the latter confiscated the knife and submitted it to the superintendent of police. Subsequently, he returned to the shop and informed the respondent that the knife had been determined to be a flick knife and that he would be reported for offering it for sale (Souper, 2008). In court the appellant contended that the display of the knife in the shop window by the respondent with its price, constituted an offer of sale of the knife, in accordance with the provisions of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959. This was contested by the respondent, who stated that he had never offered the knife for sale, as per the interpretation of the 1959 Act (Souper, 2008). The plaintiff’s main contention was that the display of Knife in the shop window does not amount to an offer. The court held that as this Act was devoid of a definition, the term offer for sale had to be determined from the law of contract. As a

Big Data Executive Briefs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Big Data Executive Briefs - Assignment Example However, it can be said that the lifeline of business organizations all over the world is to cater to demand of the consumers and customers, and hence the customers become the life line of the organizations and businesses. With the increase in competition in the market place, the companies are finding it tough to gain competitive advantage over their rivals, who are targeting the same group of consumers with similar product offerings. The application of Big Data technology helps the companies in a major way in the process of accumulating and analyzing large amounts of data in real time scenario by building various kinds of predictive models that helps the companies to understand the trends and patterns of the multiple variables that might affect the prospects of the business. Talking about this particular company, it has been assumed that the company has mainly product based offerings in its portfolio. Highlighting in these lines, it can be said that because of the company’s g lobal presences in more than 18 countries around the world, which comprises of markets like Asia Pacific, the western and Latin American markets. Hence it can be easily mentioned that the company’s products are often exposed to consumers all around the globe, however, under a different brand and product portfolio. The product portfolio mostly comprises of fast moving consumer goods which are non perishable in the short term. However, it is of utmost importance to mention the fact that the product portfolio for various countries are variable in terms of market to market and region to region, as the product needs to be marketed in order to cater to the needs of the customers of that particular market. So, the application and extent to which the big data can be applied in this product based global company is tremendously wide. In more specific terms, the big data if applied in the process of mining information from the company’s social media marketing forums will result i n the gaining of significant needs and wants of the consumers, which are highly different in nature in regards to the location and region of the market. The implementation of the big data will also benefit the company in the process of increasing automation in the process of supply chain and thereby increasing the efficiency of product deliveries and potentially removing the option of stock outs of fast moving and high selling consumer demanded products. The implementation of the big data will also provide significant improvement in the reduction of lead time and thereby raising the productivity range and scales. On a note of conclusion, it can be said that the company will gain a lot of advantages if they are successful in the implementation of Big Data. Executive Briefing TO: Senior Company Executive FROM: Manager DATE: 11/21/12 SUBJECT: Need for Implementing Big Data in the Business Context The 21st century is the era of globalization. The pace of change of today’s society is so fast that what is new today, becomes old tomorrow and obsolete and redundant the day after. Masses of most of the developing and well established economies around the world are turning towards the virtual world. The tremendous surge

Qualatative excercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Qualatative excercise - Essay Example However, employees still complain that they are abused verbally, intimidated, and, in general, made to feel inadequate. Situations in which employees are subjected to verbal attacks and to harassing and intimidating behaviors occur frequently in organizations (Namie & Namie, 2003; Rayner, Hoel & Cooper, 2003; Hochheiser, 1998, Hornstein, 1996). Incidents that have non-fatal endings leave employees frustrated; some quit their jobs or develop major health problems. Researchers who recently began examining these workplace behaviors conclude that the deliberate and repeated verbal aggression coupled with ridicule or harassing and intimidating strategies cause mental and physical harm which they regard as a complex phenomenon—workplace bullying (Middleton-Moz & Zawadski, 2002; Davenport, Schwartz, & Elliott, 2002; They adopted the term â€Å"workplace bullying† from their counterparts in England, Europe, Canada, Australia, and other countries around the world where research has led to legal and legislative interventions to highlight and prevent workplace bullying. However, American researchers have been slower than their counterparts around the world to investigate the nature of workplace bullying. While research into workplace problems in America has led to legal and legislative action to control assault, sexual harassment, stalking, and discrimination, workplace bullying has not been recognized in America as a unique phenomenon. In fact, the United States is viewed as being â€Å"at least twenty years behind [other countries] on focusing on workplace bullying† (Namie & Namie, 2003, p. 99). For some time now, requests for relief from the workplace bullying have not been very successful in the courts (Yamada, 2000). This interest in workplace bullying has generated studies about â€Å"the types of bullies that exist, the tactics

Week 7 discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Week 7 discussion - Assignment Example ication, under Mike Zafirovski embarked on an innovative transformation of the company by revamping its Research and Development department, and experimenting with the emerging technologies. Nortel Telecommunications spent an approximate amount of 2 billion dollars in revamping its R and D department. 20% of this amount was directed towards emerging technology, 60% towards supporting it core business operations, and 20% in boosting its declining products. As a result of these tendencies, the company developed the 2.0 web application that made it possible for employees to interact with one another while on the internet (Gertner, 2012). However, this was an effective innovation in turning the fortunes of the company. Gartner denotes that this was because the company was experiencing a decline in its sales revenue, and the 20% of the total amount given to R and D was not sufficient enough to facilitate the development of products that will improve the market share of the organization (2012). The web 2.0 was also not conducive for the organization, since the company needed a technology that could help it interact with the customers, as well as with its employees (Gertner, 2012). On this note, there was a disconnect between the objectives of the company, and the innovations developed. Gertner further denotes that the main objective of Mike Zafirovski was to increase the profitability of the company (2012). He was to achieve his objectives by developing products that reflected the needs of the customers. However, this was not the case. The results of this disconnection that amounted from failure of a company to develop an innovation product that reflected its objectives was a drop in its financial position, thereby resulting to losses and subsequent filling of bankruptcy on January 14th 2009 (Gertner, 2012). One of the strategies of solving this problem is highlighting the goals and objectives of the business organization. While innovating, it is essential to

Interview Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview Assignment - Essay Example Jon Stewart continued to make jokes and made a lot of hand movements and generally got on well with Robert Downey Jr. Jon Stewart is a very experienced interviewer and knew when to interject at the right moments. He used lots of facial expressions and hand movements. Sometimes he even leaned in closer to Robert Downey Jr., and this shows how relaxed he was during the interview. John Stewart used a variety of questions, but most of them were open in order to allow Robert Downey Jr. the chance to explain himself. One example was: "What countries are most wacked out about this?" This was a very open question and allowed Robert Downey Jr. the ability to list a number of different countries. Describe the interviewer’s approach to the body of the interview. Did they use a highly scheduled/structured, moderately scheduled/structured or non-scheduled/non-structured body? See Chapter 8 textbook The interviewers approach to the interviewer was very close to a non-scheduled or non-structured body. John Stewart did have a piece of paper in front of him probably with a list of questions, but some of the questions were getting away from the main topic of the conversation. Conan OBrien began in a moderately formal manner, although he did comment how gorgeous Lauren Cohan was. He then goes on to congratulate Lauren Cohan for the success of the show The Walking Dead, and this sets up a positive tone for the rest of the interview. Conan OBrien used quite a lot of body language when speaking, and sometimes he would even turn to the studio audience and put his arms outstretched looking for a reaction. Other times Conan OBrien would use his hands to express a point or help in asking a question. Lauren Cohan did not use much body language, but perhaps this is due to her personality type. Also, if she had been standing up then I am sure that she would have had more room to use her hands more when

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW - Research Paper Example Alongside this matter is the important consideration of the costs entailed in doing business in the Russian Federation. Possible Legal Risks Involved There are several legal issues, some of which take the form of risks, involved when entering a foreign market. Legal issues involved laws that affect the conduct of a particular business in a particular place. Laws that will be involved in conducting a business in Russia will be, necessarily, Russian commercial laws, international trade laws and international sales transactions and regulations. The risk, however, in conducting a business in a foreign state can be categorised into the following: effectiveness of the judiciary; rule of law; risk of contract repudiation; corruption, and; risk of expropriation.1 It is best to conduct business in a country that has a stable political condition and is known as business friendly. Although there is always risk, political risks of countries vary in degrees. Political risk is defined as â€Å"ri sk of loss when investing in a given country caused by changes in a country’s political structure or policies such as tax laws, tariffs, expropriation of assets or restriction in repatriation of assets.†2 Relevant to this discussion is the case of RosInvestCo UK Ltd v Russian Federation3 where a UK company has brought arbitration proceedings against the Russian Federation for invalid expropriation, which is contrary to the UK-Russian BIT. This case is thoroughly discussed on the UK-Russian BIT paragraph. In weighing the political stability of a country, its history might provide a good indicator of such a risk as countries with a history of stability and consistency are more likely to be less risky than those with opposing history.4 Unfortunately, Russia does not have a history of stability and consistency considering the number of political disarray it had in the past. The Best Form of Corporate Entity to Take There are, at least, four ways by which the Ultra-Educators Software Limited may engage in the business of selling chocolates in Russia. One is by selling directly by establishing its own branch or subsidiary; two, through retailers; three, through an intermediary or distributor, and; four, through a representative or agent company.5 Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. In making decisions about this matter, the following must be considered: the financial strength of Ultra-Educators; its connections; extent of its business commitments, and; the present state of its personnel, equipment, and status.6 If the Company intends to sell directly, it must set up an entity in Russia that will directly take charge of the business of selling the chocolates that the Company will be exporting to that country. It can either set up a branch or a subsidiary. A branch is a part or division of a company whilst a subsidiary is a separate entity independent from the company. Thus, the liability of a branch is that also of the main co mpany, but not that of the subsidiary because it is deemed separate from the company.7 Moreover, if the branch has taxes owing to it by virtue of the business it is conducting in the foreign state, the main company is liable for such taxes. This is not so in the case of the subsidiary.8

Understanding Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Understanding Prejudice Essay What exactly is the meaning of prejudice, and what does being prejudiced mean? Prejudice is a big word with a very deep meaning. Indeed, a lot of people may not know the true sense of it and how it affects people in the society. People live in a world that is full of prejudice. It is considered as one of the negative social phenomenons and one of the main sources of problems in the world. Prejudice denotes making or predisposition to make a decision or judgment before one becomes aware of the relevant truth of a certain case or scenario. For instance, people may have heard others saying things about a certain group of individuals such as â€Å"all black people are†¦. ,† â€Å"all white people are†¦. ,† â€Å"people in third world countries are†¦,† etc. (Breen, 2006). People may think that prejudice only refers to racial prejudice that is usually directed towards people with light or dark skin. However, I have learned that prejudice has a deeper meaning than discrimination against people of a certain race or color. Rather, prejudice can also be a result of one’s gender and geographical, religious, and cultural backgrounds. Every person also has his or her own way of being prejudiced. For example, one can judge somebody by the way he or she dresses and talks or even by his or her appearance. Thus, prejudice can come from different sources such as peers, parents, school, and public organization. At the same time, it can also be directed to various types of people. There are also many different kinds of prejudice that exist in our society today. Some of them may be observed in school, at home, or even in the television. For this reason, discrimination, racism, sexism, and other forms of social problems exist in the world we live in. Hence, it is not fair and also very sad that prejudice is a widely pervasive phenomenon in the world. (Breen, 2006). It is always inevitable to become prejudiced. There are a lot of reasons why people become prejudiced. It is a fact that one can learn it from home; parents often do not recognize that they are being an example to their children. If parents are prejudiced, then it is most likely that the child will also become one because that is what he or she observes from his or her parents. Children may also become prejudiced if parents directly teach or tell the former to perceive somebody or some things in the society in a certain way. That is why at a very young age, many children start to become prejudiced already and start to judge people and things by what they believe and think of them. They also become prejudiced due to the environment that they grow up in, the school and the neighborhood that they get involved in or witnesses. The media also plays a role in influencing people to become prejudiced. The effect on prejudice of television shows and films is very substantial. There are just so many ways on how people can become prejudiced, and it is very alarming that it has become one common source of misunderstandings, fights, and disputes all over the world (Breen, 2006). It is very hard to stop prejudice; however, it can be lessened if people would try not to be judgmental on simple things that they see and observe in their environment. Proper or right education must be imposed to children especially at home and in school in order to stop prejudice and so that people will eventually look at one another without making negative judgments. On the other hand, it would be very difficult to stop this social phenomenon as prejudice has become already part of the society. In conclusion, prejudice is an attitude that is based on generalizations and stereotypes. It is very astounding how easy it is for an individual to become prejudiced on somebody or something. Nevertheless, prejudice is merely a kind of thinking or a feeling in an individual’s mind. While people will never abolish the existence of prejudice in the society, it can be lessened and prevented if everyone will just start to cooperate and make an effort in reducing it. I believe that working hand in hand toward a common objective or goal can bring different groups of people all together, regardless of their age, race and sex. Reference Breen, R. (2006). Real Life Issues: Prejudice. Great Britain: Trotman Company Limited.

Le concept du luxe

Le concept du luxe PARTIE I: APPROCHE THEORIQUE Chapitre 1 Introduction de luxe 1.1. Le concept du luxe Quest-ce que le luxe? Le mot LUXE provient du latin  « luxus  » qui veut dire somptuosità © excessive et ostentatoire. Il signifie, selon le petit Larousse:  «somptuosità © excessive, faste, richesse ». Cette notion a connu plusieurs changements dà ©s le 17e Sià ¨cle, et à   laube du 21e Sià ¨cle, le luxe nest plus nà ©cessairement somptueux, ni mà ªme rà ©servà © à   certains privilà ©già ©s, selon Michel GODET, dans son ouvrage  «le luxe dans tous ses à ©tats ». Le luxe se banalise et se dà ©mode de plus en plus vite, par rapport au passà ©. Le mot luxe dà ©fini par Le PETIT ROBERT est  «un mode de vie caractà ©risà © par de grandes dà ©penses consacrà ©es à   lacquisition de biens superflus, par gout de lostentation et du plus grand bien-à ªtre. » En rà ©alità ©, il est difficile de lui donner une dà ©finition unique et prà ©cise. Beaucoup de professionnels du luxe, à ©conomistes, chercheurs, sociologues, les clients du luxe, essaient de lui donner une dà ©finition prà ©cise, mais pour linstant il reste un concept subjectif. Comme laffirme Jean-Noà «l Kapferer dans son ouvrage  «luxe oblige » en à ©crivant que le concept de luxe nest pas une catà ©gorie dans labsolue, mais un ensemble relatif qui ne peut à ªtre dissocià © de la structure politique et sociale du sià ¨cle auquel il appartient[1]. Si on demande à   la population ce que luxe signifie selon eux, les rà ©ponses seront trà ¨s diffà ©rents, parce quà   chacun son luxe[2]! Dailleurs, les frontià ¨res du luxe se dà ©placent avec les conditions de vie, les classes et les cultures, prà ©sentà ©es dans la lecture de Jean Philippe Antoine. Michel GODET,  «le luxe dans tous ses à ©tats », le luxe se dà ©finit dabord comme un mode de vie gà ©nà ©ralement associà © à   des dà ©penses importantes pour lacquisition de biens superflus. Donc le luxe est tout dabord se traduit par un rà ´le sociologique: un mode de vie. Le mot superflu signifie Satisfaire des besoins dont on na pas besoin[3], et que celui ci nest pas indispensable et quil nest pas un besoin ordinaire de la vie. 1.2 Les caractà ©ristique dun produit de luxe Malgrà © les nombreuses dà ©finitions proposà ©es par diffà ©rentes personnes telles que des professionnels du luxe, à ©conomistes, chercheurs, sociologues, les consommateurs, le luxe se caractà ©rise toujours par les 5 crità ¨resdà ©finis ci-dessous: La qualità © Lindustrie du luxe est basà ©e sur une qualità © supà ©rieure des ces produits ou de ces services. La meilleure qualità © est la principale caractà ©ristique du luxe. Pour devenir un luxe, il doit y avoir des diffà ©rences nettes par rapport aux produits de la consommation de masse. Parmi les composantes dun objet de luxe, on trouve toujours une và ©ritable supà ©riorità © technique qualitative ou technologique[4]. Par exemple, chez Rolls-Royce, chaque partie de leurs và ©hicules sont uniquement fabriquà ©es à   la main, donc les voitures de la production industrielle ne peuvent pas remplacer sa position unique. Rolls-Royce se distingue donc par sa qualità © supà ©rieure et cette caractà ©ristique le dà ©marquant clairement des autres marques. La haute couture de luxe se distingue particulià ¨rement par leur design, la texture de haute qualità ©. Le luxe est prà ©sent aussi dans le secteur des services. Par exemple, dans un lhà ´tel de luxe dont le service est de haute qualità © proposant un trà ©s grand confort et plaisir. Donc latout et la principale caractà ©ristiques de luxe du luxe est forcà ©ment supà ©rieur aux les produits ordinaires. La raretà © Selon Vincent Bastien, la raretà © est centrale dans lidentità © du luxe. La Raretà © est un caractà ¨re trà ¨s essentiel pour le luxe ce qui le distingue des produits de masse. Le PDG de cartier international, Bernard Fornas, a dit que  « Je dois gà ©rer la dà ©sirabilità © de cette maison, il faut maintenir le ratio entre disponibilità © et raretà ©Ã‚ ». Vincent Bastien distingue deux grands types de raretà © dans son ouvrage  «luxe oblige »: un cotà © la raretà © physique qui comprend les ingrà ©dients, les processus de production comme par exemple dans la haute couture oà ¹ les habits sont fabriquà ©s à   la main par un grand couturier et donc chaque pià ¨ce est unique dans le monde. Dun autre cotà © il y a une raretà © virtuelle ou impression de raretà ©, signifià ©e, crà ©Ãƒ ©e et entretenue par la communication elle-mà ªme. Si un produit de luxe perd de sa raretà ©, si un jour on le trouve dans nimporte quel magasin, et tout le monde peut donc possà ©der ce produit, alors il ne sera pas classà © et reconnu comme un produit de luxe, mais un produit de grande consommation. Cest pourquoi les entreprise de luxe font des efforts pour prà ©server la raretà © de son produit: Cartier a rà ©duit le nombre de rà ©fà ©rences dans sa ligne,  « Must », diminuà © le nombre de ses points de vente en particulier chez les opà ©rateurs  « Duty Free  », et lancà © un dà ©partement  « Private Collection  » pour les montres de prestige[5]. Le prix Quand on pense le mot  «luxe », on pense tout de suite à    «cher ». Saphia Richou a dit dans son ouvrage  «le luxe dans tous ses à ©tats » que le produit de luxe est forcà ©ment cher et il est cher parce quil est rare et de qualità ©[6]. Cest la raretà ©, la production en nombre limità ©, et la qualità © qui rend le produit de luxe distinctif par rapport aux produits de masse. Dailleurs, il faut prendre en compte de la valeur imaginaire de luxe. Daprà ¨s Vincent Bastien dans son ouvrage  «luxe oblige », le prix indique la valeur dà ©change dun produit, mais ce qui fait le luxe est la valeur symbolique. Cela signifie quune marque de luxe peut demander un prix dautant plus à ©levà © que sa valeur symbolique est plus forte.[7] Pour lauteur de la Thà ©orie de la classe de loisir datà ©e de 1899, lobjet de luxe est cher parce que tout ce qui  «est absolument ravissant est synonyme de pà ©cuniairement honorifique ». [8] Donc sans ce prix à ©levà ©, les produits de luxe nexisteraient pas. Le superflu Comme prà ©sentà © dans la dà ©finition de luxe,  «Le mot superflu signifie Satisfaire des besoins dont on na pas besoin[9], et que celui ci nest pas indispensable et quil nest pas un besoin ordinaire de la vie. ». Raconte une histoire 1.3 Les trois cercles du luxe Jean Castarà ¨de, dans on ouvrage  «le luxe », classifie le secteur du luxe selon trois cercles prà ©sentà ©s au dessous: Le Superluxe accessible à   quelques-uns. Daprà ¨s Jean Castarà ¨de, Les produits sont alors uniques et sur mesure. Par exemple, celui de la haute de coutume, les moyens de transport (les voiture de luxe, les avions privà ©s..), la joaillerie de luxe, les Å“uvre dart. Son Chiffre daffaire estimà © est de 35,5 milliards deuros[10]. Le deuxià ¨me cercle est plus abordable, qui sont plutà ´t des dà ©clinaisons du luxe[11].Ce cercle correspond aux secteurs traditionnels du luxe. Par exemples, les prà ªts à   porter, les bagages, les accessoires, les montres, les stylos. Son Chiffre daffaire est de 45 milliards deuros[12]. Le troisià ¨me cercle correspond aux produits particuliers par rapport aux produits de masse, comme les parfums, les cosmà ©tiques haut de gamme, les spiritueux de luxe. Son Chiffre daffaire dans le monde est environ 98,5 milliards deuros.[13] Source:  «Le luxe », Jean Castarà ¨de, 1992, P62 1.4 Les trois niveaux de luxe Danielle Allà ©rà ¨s, dans son ouvrage  «LUXE†¦.Stratà ©gies Marketing », distingue trois niveaux de luxe: Luxe inaccessible, luxe intermà ©diaire et luxe accessible qui correspondent bien aux 3 cercles de Jean Castarà ¨de. Je vais retirer lessentiel de ces dà ©finitions pour quon puisse mieux comprendre les spà ©cificità ©s de chaque niveau des produits de luxe. * Le luxe inaccessible Le luxe des modà ¨les exclusifs, parfois rà ©alisà ©s à   la main et à   lunità ©. Il correspond à   des produits de qualità © inà ©galà ©e et exceptionnelle, rare, voire unique, et prà ©cieux possà ©dant une certaine perfection de rà ©alisation, par exemple, la haute couture de Chanel. Son prix est extrà ªmement à ©levà © et sa mà ©thode de communication est trà ¨s sà ©lective, prestigieuse et intimiste. Le luxe inaccessible utilise beaucoup en hors mà ©dia les à ©và ©nements sportifs et culturels et en mà ©dia une presse trà ¨s sà ©lective, comme les magazines de mode trà ¨s  «select ». * Le luxe intermà ©diaire Le luxe intermà ©diaire est de trà ¨s grande qualità © mais moins parfait et moins rare que le luxe inaccessible. Par rapport au luxe inaccessible, son prix est dà ©jà   plus accessible mais fait nà ©anmoins lobjet dune rà ©flexion trà ¨s poussà ©e. Son cible de consommateurs est plus large par rapport à   celui de luxe inaccessible. Daniel Allà ©rà ¨s nous a dit que, le luxe intermà ©diaire correspond à   une classe sociale intermà ©diaire qui souhaite conserver ses distances par rapport aux autres classes sociales. Les consommateurs de luxe intermà ©diaire souhaitent se distinguer des autres. * Le luxe accessible Les produits de luxe accessibles sont fabriquà ©s en sà ©rie et plus rapidement. On peut citer, par exemple, les parfums et les cosmà ©tique. Cest un marchà © trà ¨s concurrentiel. Dans ce marchà ©, les consommateurs nont pas suffisamment de connaissances sur les produits, par exemple, les fonctions dun produit soin de la peau, ou un nouvel odorat dun parfum, donc ils sont beaucoup influencà ©s par la publicità ©. La communication repose sur tous les mà ©dias. Source:  «LUXE†¦.Stratà ©gies Marketing », Danielle Allà ©rà ¨s, P169 207 1.5 Etude de marchà © du secteur du luxe 1.5.1 Le Chiffre daffaire depuis 2000 Touchà © par la crise financià ¨re de 2009, le secteur du luxe dans sa globalità © à   connu une forte rà ©cession. Quelle est la taille du marchà © du luxeactuellement ? Si nous prenons le luxe dans sa forme la plus reduite: mode, accessoires y compris la maroquinerie, produits cosmà ©tiques et parfums, vins et spiritueux, etc, les ventes sont de 175 milliards deuros, comme on peut le constater sur le graphique ci dessous. Touchà ©e par la crise financià ¨re de 2008, en 2009, le marchà © du luxe a chutà © de 10%, soit 157 milliards deuros, aprà ¨s 5 ans de croissance constante depuis 2003. Cest surtout le marchà © europà ©en qui est plus touchà © par la crise; par contre, les Etats-Unis et surtout lAsie sont moins influencà ©s. Si nous prenons compte les voitures et les voyages de luxe, la taille du marchà © serait proche de 250 milliards deuros[14], selon lestimation en 2007. Ces chiffres nous permettent davoir une idà ©e gà ©nà ©rale de la taille du marchà © du luxe. Source: Traitement Xerfi Global: donnà ©es primaires sources national et Bain Comany 1.5.2 Le marchà © mondial du luxe par secteur Le marchà © du vestimentaire reprà ©sente le premier segment du marchà © du luxe, soit 32,1% dans le marchà © mondial du luxe (voir le graphique). Influencà © par la crise financià ¨re de 2009, ses ventes baissent de 15% par rapport à   lannà ©e prà ©cà ©dente. Les accessoires diminuent ses ventes aussi, et ils reprà ©sentent 18% du marchà ©. Nà ©anmoins, à ©tant le luxe accessible, les parfums et les cosmà ©tiques rà ©sistent bien à   la crise de 2009.[15] Source: Xerfi 2008 1.5.3 le marchà © mondial du luxe par gà ©ographie Dans sur le graphique ci-dessous, la taille des bulles reprà ©sente la taille proportionnelle du marchà © du luxe dans diffà ©rents pays. A travers ce graphique, on peut observer, quà   cause de la crise, lEurope et lAmà ©riques qui reprà ©sente la plus gros du marchà © (70% ensemble), ont connu une baisse importante. Le Japon, quant à   lui, continue à   reculer depuis 2007. En revanche, lAsie (hors Japon) sen sort plutà ´t bien, grà ¢ce à   la croissance des ventes provenant de la Chine et de lInde.[16] Dailleurs, le reste du monde(Moyen-Orient) a une tendance à   augmenter. 1.5.4 Les principaux acteurs du luxe Comme nous pouvons constater dans le tableau au-dessous, aujourdhui, le marchà © de luxe est dominà © par des grands groupes multimarques, comme LVMH, Richemont, et Gucci Group (PPR); et quelques marques amà ©ricaines(Està ©e Lauder), et Japonaises (Shiseido). Dailleurs, nous pouvons aussi remarquer que ce sont les entreprises franà §aises et Italiennes qui dominent le secteur de luxe. Classement des leaders mondiaux du luxe Source: Traitement Xerfi Global daprà ¨s Opà ©rateurs, presse à ©conomique et greffes des tribunaux de commerce. LVMH, le leader mondial du luxe, à   rà ©alisà © son Chiffre daffaire de 17,2 milliard deuro en 2008, qui est trà ¨s impressionnant. Le groupe a un portefeuille de prà ¨s de 60 marques prestigieuses[17], y compris Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Fendi, Marc Jacobs, Givenchy, Guerlain†¦ses 5 actività ©s principales sont: Vin et spiritueux (18,1% du CA) Mode et maroquinerie (34,8% du CA) Parfums et Cosmà ©tique (16,6% du CA) Montres et Joaillerie (5,1% du CA) Distribution sà ©lective (25,4% du CA)[18] Le groupe Richemont, le second acteur principal de ce marchà ©, dispose 18 marques de luxedans 5 domaines: Joaillerie, Horlogerie, instruments dà ©criture, et cuiraccessoire et mode (Cartier, Van CleefArpels, Piaget, Lancel, Montblan, Chloà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦).En 2008, son Chiffre daffaire sà ©là ¨ve 5,4 milliard deuro. [19] Està ©e Lauder, une entreprise amà ©ricaine, Shiseido, une entreprise japonaise, et lorà ©al (produit de luxe), une entreprise franà §aise sont trois entreprises leaders mondiaux de la beautà © et de la cosmà ©tique haute gamme. Chapitre 2 La marque de luxe et les stratà ©gies marketing 2.1 La marque de luxe La dà ©finition de marque de luxe, proposà © par Michel Chevalier dans son ouvrage  «Management et Marketing du luxe » est quune marque sà ©lective et exclusive, qui apporte une valeur à ©motionnelle et crà ©ative supplà ©mentaire au consommateur.[20] Danielle Allà ©rà ©s dans son ouvrage  «luxe†¦ mà ©tiers et management atypiques », a donnà © la dà ©finition dune marque de luxe. Selon elle, la marque de luxe se distingue des marques de consommation courante par son nom, souvent la marque de luxe prend le nom de son crà ©ateur dorigine, ses immeubles, dont les plus significatifs sont les lieux de crà ©ation passà ©s ou contemporains, les boutiques lià ©es au crà ©ateur et à   la crà ©ation de sa maison et de sa marque, et les lieux de fabrication[21], les crà ©ateurs, les crà ©ations, produits, objets ou services, les plus importantes, en terme de proposition et daudace artistique ou esthà ©tique, comme le Parfum N °5 de Chanel[22], une histoire lià ©e à   son ou à   ses crà ©ateurs successifs, leurs personnalità ©s, leurs engagement esthà ©tiques 2.2 Identità © de marque 2.2.1 La dà ©finition didentità © de marque Comme tout le monde le sait, les grandes marques comme Louis Vuitton, Hermà ¨s, Rolex, Chanel, Peugeot, Lacoste, sont des marques fortes qui ont une grande valeur. Une marque forte contribue de faà §on significative à   la rà ©ussite des entreprises. Gà ©raldine Michel, dans son ouvrage  « au cÅ“ur de la marque » prà ©sente que pour dà ©velopper des marques fortes, les entreprises doivent mettre en place une gestion stratà ©gique de leurs marques qui implique la dà ©finition dune identità © de marque riche et claire.[23] Donc quest-ce que lidentità © dune marque? Gà ©raldine Michel a donnà © sa dà ©finition didentità © dune marque:  «lidentità © reprà ©sente la faà §on dont la marque veut à ªtre perà §ue, par opposition à   limage, qui est la faà §on dont la marque est rà ©ellement perà §ue par les consommateurs[24] ». Selon cette dà ©finition, on peut deviner que tout dabord, lidentità © dune marque correspond à   la faà §on quelle se ‘raconte aux consommateurs et elle est  «la rà ©sultante dans lesprit des consommateurs de lensemble des caractà ©ristiques de la marque »[25]. les caractà ©ristiques comme le nom de la marque, son logo, son prix, sa distribution, sa publicità ©, lhistoire de son entreprise. Comme cest une notion trà ¨s vaste mais relativement stable par rapport à   limage de la marque.  «Cest lidentità © qui permet ainsi de guider les dà ©cisions importantes sur la marque et qui garantit la cohà ©rence des diverses actions entreprises dans le temps ».[26] Kevin Lane Keller, Professeur dans  «Dartmouth College », prà ©cise que  « Lidentità © de la marque reflà ¨te la contribution de tous les à ©là ©ments de la marque à   sa notorià ©tà © et à   son image  ». Franà §oise Montenay, dans son ouvrage  «Management et Marketing du luxe », propose une dà ©finition plus prà ©cise de lidentità © dune marqueen concluant que le fait, pour une marque, de pouvoir à ªtre reconnue comme unique, dans la durà ©e, sans nulle confusion, grà ¢ce aux à ©là ©ments qui lindividualisent.[27] Selon Jean-Noel Kapeerer, lidentità © ne se plaque pas, mais se nourrit des racines de la marque, de son hà ©ritage, de tout ce qui lui donne son unique autorità © et sa là ©gitimità © dans un territoire de valeurs et de bà ©nà ©fices prà ©cis. Elle traduit son ADN, les ggà ©nes de la marque. Lidentità © de la marque est la base et le fondement identitaire des actività ©s de la marque. Cela peut servir doutil de gestion pour les dà ©cisions prises par les entreprises. Donc aujourdhui elle est devenue indispensable dans notre socià ©tà © 2.2.2 le prisme didentità © Selon Jean Noel Kapferer(1998), lidentità © dune marque contient six facettes qui construisent le prisme didentità © de la marque. Ces facettes sont le physique, la personnalità ©, la culture, la relation, le reflet et la mentalisation. Le prisme didentità © de la marque Source :  « Les marques, capital de lentreprise  » JN Kapferer (1998) * La dimension physique  «La dimension physique correspond à   là ©là ©ment tangible de la marque, ce sont les produits ou services, mais aussi les symboles et les couleurs associà ©s à   la marque[28] ». Cest le fondement et la base de la marque. Cest là ©là ©ment prà ©cis qui vient immà ©diatement à   lesprit des consommateurs quand lon parle de la marque.  «Cest ensemble de caractà ©ristiques sensorielles et objectives[29] ». Dans le domaine de luxe, la marque Chanel est associà ©e à   fà ©minin  «total look » pour femme; Hermà ¨s est associà © aux matà ©riaux nobles et objets en cuir; et quant à   la marque Louis Vuitton, cest qui vient à   lesprit aux consommateurs, cest des produits de qualità ©, fonctionnels et aussi identifiable, par un logo trà ¨s reconnaissable le monogramme LV.  · La dimension personnalità ©  «La dimension personnalità © reprà ©sente les traits de caractà ¨re associà ©s à   la marque. » [30] Cest un mode dexpression des produits ou des services. On se demande toujours la question comme si cà ©tait une personne, quel serait son caractà ¨re? La marque de luxe reprà ©sente souvent une personne vivante, rà ©elle, et crà ©atrice qui a une personnalità © forte et a un caractà ¨re remarquable. Comme pour la marque de luxe Yves Saint Laurent, son crà ©ateur a donnà © son caractà ¨re  «provocant, sà ©duisant et inaccessible à   sa marque »[31]; La marque Chanel est donnà © le caractà ¨re crà ©ative, perfectionniste, audacieuse, instinctive, sobre et sophistiquà ©e. Le caractà ¨re de la marque Louis Vuitton est simple, à ©là ©gante, et moderne. Hermà ¨s est chaleureux, sportive et à ©là ©gante. * La dimension culture La dimension culture correspond au systà ¨me de valeur et une culture propre lià ©e à   la marque. Pour J.N Kapferer,  «cest la facette essentielle de lidentità © dune marque de luxe, et pour connaitre son ADN, ses soubassements culturels, on doit ausculter tous les signes identitaires de la marque de luxe ».[32] * La dimension relation Il sagit de la relation entre la marque et ses consommateurs. Cest la communication sociale de la marque. La marque Chanel a donnà © la libertà © aux femmes; La marque Gucci se rattache fortement à   la sà ©duction et diesel à   la provocation. Hermà ¨s est associà © à   la confiance et à   la fidà ©lità ©. * La dimension reflet La dimension reflet est comme un  «miroir externe de la cible ». Il exprime « limage que la marque donne à   sa cible »[33].JN Kapferer dà ©crit ici de  «perception du marchà ©Ã‚ ». La marque Chanel donne à   sa cible le reflet des femmes modernes et à ©là ©gantes, et limage quHermà ¨s veut donner à   sa cible est classique, haute qualità © et aristocratie. * La mentalisation La mentalisation de la marque correspond au regard que pose le consommateur sur lui-mà ªme quand il utilise le produit[34]. Les consommateurs de Chanel se perà §oivent comme des femmes libà ©rà ©es et qui ont un style de vie à ©là ©gant. Ces six dimensions dà ©finissent lidentità © de la marque. La prise didentità © dune marque de luxe ne doit jamais à ªtre banale.[35] 2.2.3Exprimer son identità © de marque  «Rien ne sert de dà ©finir une identità © si celle-ci nest pas exprimà ©e clairement et fortement sur le marchà ©Ã‚ »[36]. Pour sexprimer son identità © (le produit, le logo, sa communication, son marketing etc), la marque dispose de ces diffà ©rents à ©là ©ments, comme le nom de la marque, le logo, le packaging, le symbole et autres signes de reconnaissance.  · Nom de marques Parmi les nombreux à ©là ©ments constitutifs de lidentità © dune marque, le plus important dentre eux est son nom, comme  «il reste le premier signe de reconnaissance dune marque »[37]. Les consommateurs reconnaissent une marque surtout à   travers son nom. Le choix du nom est un à ©là ©ment trà ¨s important dans la vie dune marque. Un nom de marque doit à ªtre distinctif des autres. Un nom avec une personnalità © forte contribuent forcà ©ment plus à   lidentità © dune marque par rapport à   un nom banal. [38] Par ailleurs, un nom doit reflà ©ter lidentità © de la marque. Gà ©raldine Michel, dans son ouvrage «Au cÅ“ur de la marque », a dit que  «de toute fois, ce nest pas le nom qui donne la personnalità © à   la marque, cest lidentità © de la marque qui donne une signification au nom »[39]. Donc il est trà ¨s dangereux de donner un nom de marque qui ne correspond pas ou ne reflà ¨te pas son identità © propre.  «Quel que soit le secteur dactività ©, un nom à   forte symbolique sà ©duit les consommateurs uniquement sil est cohà ©rent avec les valeurs de la marque »[40].Pour le produit de luxe, il est essentiel que le nom reflà ¨te son identità © qui se distingue par rapport aux autres, tout en restant trà ¨s crà ©atif. Souvent le nom dune marque de luxe provient de son crà ©ateur dorigine et quil identifie de son createur. Par exemple le nom de la marque Yves Saint Laurent, vient de son fondateur Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint Laurent, donc Saint Laurent ne vient jamais à   lesprit des Consommateurs sans Yves.[41] Le nom de la marque Chanel utilise le nom de famille de sa crà ©atrice Coco Chanel. La marque Louis Vuitton a pris entià ¨rement le nom de son crà ©ateur Louis Vuitton. Cest le mà ªme cas pour Christian Dior, Hermà ¨s. Catherine Veillà ©, directeur Gà ©nà ©ral Ipsos Insight Marques, a dit que  «Dans le luxe, les noms de marques doivent venir rà ©veiller là ©go de la marque. Il faut savoir puiser et retraduire par sa sà ©mantique, cette relation fusionnelle qui existe entre la marque et le client du luxe. Cest ainsi que les noms de marques de luxe se diffà ©rencient de celles du mass-premium  ».[42] Comme le nom dune marque reflà ¨te son identità ©, il faut à ªtre trà ¨s prudent face à   un changement de nom de la marque, surtout pour un nom qui a pris racine dans la mà ©moire collective, parce quil risque de perdre son originalità ©, sa notorià ©tà © et son identità © au cours de ce changement. * Logos Le Logo est une faà §on particulià ¨re de dà ©crire une marque. Elle est lidentità © visuelle de la marque, une reprà ©sentation de la faà §on dont la marque sexprime graphiquement  «Les logos sont les blasons des temps modernes une combinaison de lettres ou de signes, une image, un idà ©ogramme, ou un groupe dà ©là ©ments graphiques ».[43] La prise en compte des spà ©cificità ©s locales des logos est un facteur important, comme les perceptions varient beaucoup dans les pays diffà ©rents. Au japon, les logos sont mieux acceptà ©es par rapport les europà ©ennes et les amà ©ricaine.  «Si une majorità © deuropà ©ens refusent de porter une cravate arborant lacronyme dune marque, cela ne pose pas de problà ¨me aux amà ©ricaines, et une telle pratique pourrait bien devenir une và ©ritable mode au Japon », [44]dite Franà §oise Montenay dans son ouvrage  «luxe oblige ».  «La marque Louis Vuitton, par exemple, propose à   sa clientà ¨le japonaise des sacs fortement «monogrammà ©s »; pour les consommateurs europà ©ens, la marque propose un tissu dans les mà ªme couleurs, mais avec un motif damier, ou bien des cuirs à ©pi ou taà ¯ga, ou le monogramme napparait quà ©pisodiquement »[45]. 2.3 Les paradoxes du luxe Comme on en a dà ©jà   parlà © dans le premier chapitre, les produits de luxe se distinguent des produits de masse, et possà ¨dent leurs propres caractà ¨res: ils sont rares, superflus, prà ©cieux, chers, haut de gamme, originals, prestigieux, somptueux, parfaits, etc. Le luxe est donc un secteur pas comme les autres! La question quon se pose est: est-ce quon peut manager une marque de luxe en utilisant les rà ¨gles traditionnelles qui sappliquent pour les produits de consommation de masse? Jean Noel Kapferer donne sa rà ©ponse dans son ouvrage  «luxe oblige »:  «Non. Pour manager la marque de luxe, il faut oublier nombre de lois du marketing. Celles-ci sappliquent bien aux marques, y compris premium, et mà ªme au  «trading up », [46]mais pas au luxe ». Donc à   partir de sa rà ©ponse, on voit que les rà ¨gles traditionnelles ne marchent pas pour des produits de luxe, et les rà ¨gles pour le luxe sont au contraire ceux du marketing traditionnel. Noel Kapferer nomme les stratà ©gies du luxe  «les rà ¨gles anti-lois »[47]. Comme on a parlà © dans le chapitre avant que le luxe se banalise considà ©rablement ces dernià ¨res annà ©es, et les produits de luxe sont accessibles aux plus grand nombre.  «On pourrait croire quen se dà ©mocratisant le marchà © du luxe a perdu de sa spà ©cificità © et que, ce faisant, son marketing ne se distingue plus guà ¨re du marketing des produits et services de grande consommation ».[48] Malgrà © la dà ©mocratisation des produits de luxe, le marketing de luxe a un caractà ¨re profondà ©ment paradoxal. On va ensuit analyser les cinq principaux paradoxes du marketing dans le marchà © du luxe que Bernard Dubois a identifià ©[49]. * Le paradoxe de la demande Dans le marketing traditionnel, Selon B. Dubois,  «on peut sinterroger sur lexistence de deux marchà ©s du luxe, lun investi de reprà ©sentations et de symboles dans lesquels les marques constituent autant de signes du paraà ®tre ; lautre fait dauthenticità © et de recherche dabsolu oà ¹ les remarques fournissent des repà ¨res dexcellence[50] » * Le paradoxe du produit Dans le marketing classique, avant de lancer un produit, on effectue une à ©tude de marchà © pour comprendre les besoins et les attentes des consommateurs, puis on crà ©e ou on à ©labore un produit qui doit leur correspondre. Cest comme la naissance du micro-ondes qui est en partie en raison du fait quaujourdhui les femmes ont peu de temps pour faire la cuisine, donc on a inventà © t appareil pour gagner du temps pour prà ©parer le repas et donc rà ©pondre à   cette demande prà ©cise. Cest la conception quon lappelle  «produit-rà ©ponse » Paradoxalement, cette conception de  «produit rà ©ponse » semble ne pas sappliquer au luxe.  «Le marketing du luxe est un marketing de proposition, oà ¹ linitiative est toujours dans le camp du crà ©ateur »[51]. Par exemple, pour un client dun habit de haute couture de Chanel, elle a nullement envie que Coco chanel lui demande comment cet habit doit à ªtre. Au contraire,  «Elle achà ¨te le gà ©nie du couturier et ne demande quà   à ªtre sà ©duite et à ©blouie »[52]. Les consommateurs achà ¨tent du luxe pour se faire plaisir, montrer sa rà ©ussite et rà ©aliser ses rà ªves, au lieu de satisfaire un besoin particulier. Prenons le sac de Louis Vuitton par exemple, on peut surement trouver un sac avec exactement la mà ªme fonction et la mà ªme capacità ©. Cela veut dire que le sac en lui-mà ªme ne possà ¨de aucun avantage supplà ©mentaire pratique mais sa possesseurs obtient un certains prestiges que seul ce sac peut procurer. Donc pour les consommateurs, le grand plaisir et la satisfaction que le sac de Louis Vuitton leur donne est bien supà ©rieur que celui procurà © par un sac sans marque, malgrà © la mà ªme capacità © à   terme de fonction. Donc cest pourquoi dans le luxe, il est primordial danalyser la satisfaction et le besoin du cà ´tà © symbolique et psychologique des consommateurs, daprà ¨s Dubois. Cependant, malgrà © tout, il est important pour le luxe à   à ©tudier le marchà ©, parce qu «elles seront simplement plus confirmatoires quexploratoires, centrà ©es non sur les attentes, mais sur les rà ©actions et prà ©fà ©rences du marchà ©[53] ». * Le paradoxe du prix Dans le marketing traditionnel, pour le produit hors du luxe, la structure de prix est à   la base de coà »t, et lintensità © des concurrences prà ©sentes sur le marchà ©. Nà ©anmoins, dans le monde du luxe, selon Dubois, le prix de vente est essentiellement dà ©terminà © par la  «valeur imaginaire », malgrà © que ces deux à ©là ©ments ci-dessous soient pris en compte aussi. Pour un produit de luxe, là ©cart entre le coà »t des matià ¨res premià ¨res et le prix de vente est considà ©rable. Quand à   la concurrence, cet à ©là ©ment semble moins prà ©pondà ©rant. Daprà ¨s Michel Chevalier,  «dans le luxe, il ny a que de lunique, mais pas dexpression dun avantage par rapport à   un concurrent », donc la notion d «avantage concurrentiel » nexiste pas dans le luxe. Chaque marque a son propre identità ©, et son consommateur identifie la marque par rapport à   cette identità ©. Un produit de luxe ne se fait rà ©fà ©rence quà   lui-mà ªme, et il na pas besoin de comparer le prix avec ces concurrents. Comme Chevalier a dit que  «le luxe est superlatif et non comparatif. Il est prà ©fà ¨re à ªtre fidà ©lità © à   une identità © que se soucier toujours dune supà ©riorità © par rapport à   un concurrent »[54]. Par exemple, un client qui achà ¨te un parfum de Coco Chanel, ne va pas comparer avec les autres marques de parfum e t sans vraiment chercher à   savoir ce qui est mieux ou moins bien, parce que ce quelle achà ¨te, cest lidentità © de la marque; il parait impossible de comparer une robe de Dior avec une robe de HM.  «Dans le luxe, on crà ©e dabord un produit, puis on voit à   quel prix on peut le vendre, ce prix à ©tant dautant plus à ©levà © que le client perà §oit cette offre comme du luxe »[55], dit Chevalier. * Le paradoxe de la distribution Isabelle Barbà ©ris dans son article  « les nouveaux paradoxes du luxe » a dit que  «un paradoxe de la distribution, qui nous renvoie au dà ©sir à ©galement paradoxal dà ©chapper à   la distribution grand public tout en prà ©servant une accessibilità © du produits[56] » Pour les produits de la grande consommation, pour rà ©ussir leurs ventes, ils doivent facilement à ªtre accessibles aux consommateurs, et donc la force de leurs rà ©seaux de distribution provient de la taille et du nombre de points de vente. On à ©value souvent le succà ¨s du lancement dun produit en reprenant le nombre de points de ventes qui ont acceptà © de les vendre. Dans le domaine de luxe, la situation est bien diffà ©rente. Une diffusion trop importante dun produit de luxe baisse la raretà © de ce dernier et nuit à   limage de la marque, qui sont des à ©là ©ments clà © des dà ©cisions dachat des consommateurs.  «La distribution doit gà ©rer la raretà ©Ã‚ », dit Jean-Noel Kapferer dans son ouvrage «luxe oblige ». Cest pourquoi les grandes maisons de luxe choisissent la distribution sà ©lective,  «qui devient le meilleur moyen de contrà ´ler la commercialisation de la gamme de produits au niveau de chaque point de vente »[57]. Louis Vuitton dà ©veloppe un rà ©seau entier de boutiques exclusives, celui lui permet aussi de gà ©rer la relation entre lui et ses clients. * Le paradoxe de la communication La communication dune marque auprà ¨s de ses consommateurs est un facteur clà © pour rà ©ussir. Dans le marketing traditionnel, plus on communique sur la marque, plus il est connu, et plus il sera vendu. Dans le domaine du

The Benefits Of Study Hall Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Education

The Benefits Of Study Hall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mark, you won’t get anywhere without studying†, His mother use to tell him when he use to waist all his time playing rather that studying. Mark wasn’t such a good student because he wouldn’t spend any time studying, until one day his parents decided to send him to Cushing Academy, a boarding school in the USA, which they knew it was going to improve his study habits and help him being more responsible. But what really amazed his parents was this period of time used to study called â€Å"Study Hall†. Because of its amazing results, preparation for college, and providing responsibility, Study Hall remains as one of the vital qualities Cushing Academy possess and give students an opportunity to lead in higher education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Study Hall was Mark’s first negative impression of Cushing Academy. He thought this was done in order to keep the students in silence and restrain them from having freedom. After he experienced Study Hall at Cushing for over two months, he could really see the changes and results it produced on him. He realized that he didn’t have to worry about having enough time for his studies. Also, he could see his grades improve every week. One day Mark received a phone call from his mother. Before picking up the phone, the only thought he had in his mind was that he was going to get grounded for his grades or performance at school. He answered the phone and there was his proud mother congratulating him for his wonderful grades he ...

Planet Of The Apes Satire Essay -- essays research papers

The setting of the movie compared to the setting in the book makes Planet of the Apes one of the greatest satires. In the movie, the setting takes place on earth in the future where apes deny and are afraid of the past, whereas the setting in the book is on a different planet where apes are civilized and technologically advanced, and the humans were primitive creatures. The orangutans in the movie prevent what happened to the humans from happening to the apes. Orangutans, such as Zaius went to great work as destroying the cave where the evidence of the humans reigned is revealed and removing Landen’s memory. In the book civilization of humans on Earth is equal to and may even surpass the civilization of the apes on Sorror. The point of view in the book is through Ulysees’ mind. He is clam and patient. Taylor in the movie is an impatient angry man who is never satisfied and is outraged by the fact that apes are running the planet and have locked him up. In the movie Tayl or is a misanthrope who is hot-tempered and not respectful to the apes. He calls them "Bloody Baboons!" Taylor left Earth to find a better place and ended up where he started. In the book, Ulysee is kind and respectful towards the apes, and he was granted citizenship to their civilization and begins to assign apes human features. Ulysee was granted citizenship because of the speech he made before them. He gave that speech with respect and loyalty towards the apes for acceptance. The tones in the boo... Planet Of The Apes Satire Essay -- essays research papers The setting of the movie compared to the setting in the book makes Planet of the Apes one of the greatest satires. In the movie, the setting takes place on earth in the future where apes deny and are afraid of the past, whereas the setting in the book is on a different planet where apes are civilized and technologically advanced, and the humans were primitive creatures. The orangutans in the movie prevent what happened to the humans from happening to the apes. Orangutans, such as Zaius went to great work as destroying the cave where the evidence of the humans reigned is revealed and removing Landen’s memory. In the book civilization of humans on Earth is equal to and may even surpass the civilization of the apes on Sorror. The point of view in the book is through Ulysees’ mind. He is clam and patient. Taylor in the movie is an impatient angry man who is never satisfied and is outraged by the fact that apes are running the planet and have locked him up. In the movie Tayl or is a misanthrope who is hot-tempered and not respectful to the apes. He calls them "Bloody Baboons!" Taylor left Earth to find a better place and ended up where he started. In the book, Ulysee is kind and respectful towards the apes, and he was granted citizenship to their civilization and begins to assign apes human features. Ulysee was granted citizenship because of the speech he made before them. He gave that speech with respect and loyalty towards the apes for acceptance. The tones in the boo...

The Way Heany Uses the Theme of Nature to Achieve his Point in Poetry :: Papers

The Way Heany Uses the Theme of Nature to Achieve his Point in Poetry The way Heany uses the theme of nature to achieve his point is by using language, and devices. The poems I have read about heany are an advancement of Learning, and Death of a Naturalist. I will first talk about an advancement of learning. An advancement of learning is about a boy who is scared to cross a bridge because they are rats near it. He has always had a phobia of rats since he was young because over his bed in a farm where he used to live rats would run around in the ceiling right over his head and makes funny noises. Finally one day he over comes them and learns that there is nothing to be afraid about hence the name of the title," an Advancement of Learning. In the first two stanzas of the play he portraits a relaxing picture using the ugly nature. " I considered the dirty-keeled swans". The nature is also showing that the place is filthy and that he is standing well away from it. He also using enjambment when he connects the first and second stanza to show it is still slow and peaceful language. " Pliable, oil-skinned, wearing A transfer of gables and sky. Everything starts to change in the 3 stanza. The language is now moving fast because he is using devices like alliteration and assonance. " Something slobbered curtly close, Smudging the silence. " my throat Sickened so quickly. The words like sickened and quickly go smooth together giving a fast language. Also the nature is dirty and the nature makes us think that something slimy is coming out of the water. In the forth stanza the boy is running from the rat and another rat turns up so he is now trapped. The nature in this stanza just increases the ugliness of the rat. " tracing its wet Arcs on the stones. In stanza 5 heany uses a military word to show that the boy is in the

Intrinsic value Essay

Moral judgments are decisions, not conclusions Decisions ought to be made situationally, not prescriptively We should seek the well-being of people, rather than love principles. Only one thing is intrinsically good, namely, love: nothing else Love, in this context, means desiring and acting to promote the wellbeing of people Nothing is inherently good or evil, except love (personal concern) and its opposite, indifference or actual malice Nothing is good or bad except as it helps or hurts persons. The highest good is human welfare and happiness (but not, necessarily, pleasure) Whatever is most loving in a situation is right and good–not merely something to be excused as a lesser evil Moral theology seeks to work out love’s strategy, and applied ethics devises love’s tactics. Love â€Å"wills the neighbour’s good† [desires the best for our neighbour] whether we like them or not The ultimate norm of Christian decisions is love: nothing else The radical obligation of the Christian ethic to love even the enemy implies unmistakably that every neighbour is not a friend and that some are just the opposite. Love and justice are the same, for justice is love distributed Love and justice both require acts of will Love and justice are not properties of actions, they are things that people either do or don’t do Love and justice are essentially the same Justice is Christian love using its head–calculating its duties. The Christian love ethic, searching seriously for a social policy, forms a coalition with the utilitarian principle of the ‘greatest good of the greatest number.’ The rightness depends on many factors. The rightness of an action does not reside in the act itself but in the loving configuration of the factors in the situation–in the ‘elements of a human act’ –i.e., its totality of end, means, motive, and foreseeable consequences.

Rhetoric and Paragraph

What is a paragraph? A paragraph is a group of sentences that are all about one specific idea. It should begin with a topic sentence, that is, a sentence which addresses the subject of the paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph should supply information that helps to explain the topic. How long should a paragraph be? There is no set length for a paragraph, but, generally, three full sentences are considered the minimum, and half a page is considered the maximum. What are the kinds of paragraph? Narration Narrative paragraphs/essays are often a chronological (make contain flashbacks) presentation of events that add up to a story. Paragraphs of this type contain protagonist and an antagonist, setting, conflict and resolution. They often contain a lot of description, but this is not essential. Description Descriptive types of paragraphs/essays are written in such a way that the reader is able to imagine the scene, object, person, etc. Series of detailed observations are recorded, using sensory language. Descriptions are like narrative paragraphs, with visual characteristics unfolding in a dramatized way. The main objective of a description is to move the story ahead. Definition Definition type of paragraphs/essays, provide meaning about a topic, using events and happenings. A strong effort should be made to clearly explain what something is, rather than what it is not. ComparisonThe objective of paragraphs/essays written in the comparison style is to compare, two or more objects, characters, events, etc. Two types of comparison are used-a point by point comparison or a topic by topic comparison. Persuasion A persuasive paragraph/essay is used in editorials, essays and columns. A direct approach is the best in writing a persuasive paragraph. The objective of a persuasive paragraph is to persuade people to change their minds, or take action. Persuasive paragraphs help people formulate an opinion and/or deepen it, by adding conviction. These essays must use concrete evidence followed by commentary in order to be effective. Exposition Expository paragraphs are explanatory in nature. They could be an important part of a description or narration. Credibility should be added in an expository paragraph, by citing authorities that have good credentials. This type of paragraph can also be a justifier that explains why something is important, for example why a memory or place or a function or activity is important. Process analysis A process analysis paragraph describes how a process happens, through a series of sequential actions. This type of paragraph is usually followed by illustrations, as they help explain the process better. What is a topic sentence? A topic sentence (also known as a focus sentence in some cases) encapsulates or organizes an entire paragraph. Although topic sentences may appear anywhere in a paragraph, in academic essays they often appear at the beginning. What is paragraph unity? Coherence? Emphasis? A good paragraph has the characteristics of unity, coherence and emphasis. In unity a paragraph must be unified on its structure. In coherence a paragraph must establish continuity within or towards the other paragraph. In emphasis the idea within the paragraph should be given importance and made to stand. Unity A paragraph is a unit of composition that established oneness because it develops a central and main idea on its structure. The entire paragraph must be unified on its structure and all the sentences within the paragraph should focus on the topic sentence. There are several violations in which the unity of the paragraph is lost. One of these is by the inclusion of the second central idea which divides the idea of the entire paragraph. Another violation is the inclusion of one or more sentences containing details that are not really related to the paragraph’s main ideas. There are also cases in which there is no central idea that was being established within the paragraph resulting to the disunity of sentences in the paragraph composition. Coherence Coherence is considered as the continuity between as well as within the paragraph. It is very important to arrange and link the sentences between the paragraphs to be able to make the readers follow the thought or the idea that want to be implied. There are several logical orders in which coherence can be established. These logical orders are the spatial orders, deductive order and inductive order. Chronological order is done in such ways like narrating experiences, summarizing the steps in the process and explaining events and movements. Spatial order can be established through the arrangement of visual details in some consistent sequences such as from left to right, east to west, near or distant and vice versa. Deductive order is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself. Inductive order is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement. Coherence can also be established through the use of some special devices. These transitional devices are the transitional keywords; the reference of pronoun, the repetition of keywords and the use of the parallel structure. The transitional words and phrases serve as indicators of the different relationships that need to be connected to be able to establish coherence in the paragraph. The reference of pronoun is a device used to avoid needles repetition in the paragraph. The repetition of keywords is used in such a way that the keywords that are related to the central idea in order to establish coherence. The parallel structure is used to call attention to similar idea in the paragraph. Emphasis Emphasis is the principle of the paragraph composition in which the important ideas are made to stand. In here it is very important that the main points of the writer should be evident inside the paragraph. Having an emphasis can be achieved by using some devices such as the use of emphasis by proportion, emphasis by pause and emphasis by position. In the emphasis by proportion, the subordinate ideas should be given less substance while ideas which have greater importance should be given more substance. In the emphasis by pause, the emphasis is established by making chapter divisions, paragraph breaks as well as mark of punctuation. In the emphasis by position, the beginning and end of the paragraph are considered as crucial points where emphasis should be placed, emphasis are usually positioned in these places.

Children and young peoples workforce Essay

Explain the risk and possible consequences for children and young people of being online and using a mobile phone. There are many different types of ricks and possible consequences when children are using the internet, such as cyber bullying, it can make children feel vulnerable, isolated and depressed. Another risk is going on chat rooms, this is a big risk as they get speaking to people that children do not no, they could be lying about their age, or sex, so if a child started speaking to someone who they met online there is a risk that something could happen to the child or young person. Another risk is seeing Inappropriate Material such as seeing the wrong thing for the age, e.g. pornographic, hateful or violent photos. Using a mobile phone can also make you at risk as most mobile phones now have internet. ‘’while this provides opportunities for communication, interaction and entertainment, there are possible risk to children and young people’’ (children and young people’s workforce 2011, p139) protection harm includes doing things of their phone without their parents’ permission such as having contact with strangers, and looking at harmful context, which is not good for the child. Describe ways of reducing rick of children and young people from: social networking, internet use, buying online, using a mobile phone. internet use When children are using the internet there should be filter systems in order so that it can prevent children and young people from looking at inappropriate materials. There also should be procedures in place that if a child or young people do see inappropriate materials so that they can report this. buying online children and young people shouldn’t be given bank cards at a early age, but if they are they should be told about some of the consequences such as identity theft and security issues. To help prevent this you should make sure your virus software works and is up to date, only use retail shops that you trust and that you know are real websites and make sure that you have a strong password. using a mobile phone. To help prevent consequences using a mobile phone you should phone an operator up so that they can put an internet filter on their phones so it won’t allow them to look at anything inappropriate if they are under 18, make sure they you register their phone and make sure you give them the right age.

Maths Trick Chapter 1

Lesson1 Lesson1 These lessons are based on Vedic Maths† principles and other maths tricks. These principles are general in nature and can be applied in many ways and very very useful in commercial arthematics. I hope all of you like these lessons and make your calculation more fast and save lot of time in daily calculations and examinations or any entrance test like CAT /IIT /BANK PO /ENGINEERING ENTRANCE TEST/PMT /MCA ENTRANCE TEST/MBA ENTRANCE TEST etc etc Method for multiplying numbers where the first figures are same and the last figures add to1 0 . 42 x 48 = Both numbers here start with 4 and the last igures (2 and 8) add up to 10. just multiply 4 by 5 (the next number up) to get 20 for the first part of the answer. And we multiply the last figures: 2 x 8 = 16 to get the last part of the answer Method for multiplying numbers where the first figures add up 10 and the last figures are same 44X64 Here first figures are 4 and 6 and their add up 10 and unit figures of both numb er are same Just multiplying the last figures 4Ãâ€"4=16 Put it at right hand side Again multiplying the first figures and add common degit(4Ãâ€"6 )+4=24+4=28 put it at left hand side Now we get required answer2816Similarly 36Ãâ€"76 , 6X6 =36 right hand side , (3Ãâ€"7)+6= 21+6=27 left hand side Required answer is 2736 NOTE If multiplication of last figures is less than 10 add zero before unit digit Ex 81Ãâ€"21 , 1Ãâ€"1=01,( 8Ãâ€"2)+1= 16+1=17 Required answer 1701 Method for multiplying numbers where the first number†s add up10 and and the second number's digits are same 46X55 Here first number's add up is 10 and second number â€Å"s digits are common i. e 5 Just multiplying last figures of both numbers 6Ãâ€"5 =30 put it at right hand side Again multiplying first figures of both numbers and add common digit of second number (4Ãâ€"5)+5 =20+5 =25 put it left hand sideRequired answer is 2530 ( If multiplication is in unit in first step add zero before it) file:///D|/Docu ments%20and%20Settings/sanjay/Desktop/maths%20tricks/lesson1ur20. htm (1 of 3)6/25/2003 4:00:19 PM Lesson1 Multiplying numbers just over 100. 108 x 109 = 11772 The answer is in two parts: 117 and 72, 117 is just 108 + 9 (or 109 + 8), and 72 is just 8 x 9. Similarly 107 x 106 = 11342 HOW USEFUL IS THIS CALCULATION! EXAMPLE 1 Compute the amount and the compound intrest on Rs 10000. 00 on 2. years at4%per annum. Now 4Ãâ€"4=16 and 4+4=8 put 10 it becomes Rs 10816. 00 How simple ! o calculation no extra time ! Practice Test 1 Solve mentally these questions Note down your calculation time by watch (Suggested time 90 seconds) 22 X 28 35 X 35 48 X 42 73 X 33 12 X 92 48 X 28 28 X 22 37 X 88 91 X 66 118 X105 109 X108 112 X106 91 X 99 33 X 37 55X55 Now check your answer with the help of a calculator Back Home Next file:///D|/Documents%20and%20Settings/sanjay/Desktop/maths%20tricks/lesson1ur20. htm (2 of 3)6/25/2003 4:00:19 PM Lesson1 file:///D|/Documents%20and%20Settings/sanjay/Desktop/maths% 20tricks/lesson1ur20. htm (3 of 3)6/25/2003 4:00:19 PM

Customer service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Customer service - Essay Example The process of launching the company is ongoing and the company is expected to commence its operation towards the end of the year 2015. Its purpose is to bring together like-minded wineries that are sufficiently developing their investments by creating a venue for business custom crush wine manufacturing, on and off premise wine sales and events in the UK that already house flourishing restaurants and nightlife sceneries. The collective will be made up of three wineries, which will operate as the incubator for future wine brands and upcoming industry ideas. The innovative infrastructures and equipment will also feature a tasting bar that has pours and flights from four resident wineries together with their inspirational wines and whisky. It will also provide a cheese platter, featuring Steve’s Cheese. The tasting bar will have the capacity to hold both large and small events, wine release parties and music dinners. Although Flaming Waters is likely to experience high profit as a UK- based organization, the company will, after a year, expand its operations worldwide. Flaming Waters aims at manufacturing and distributing high quality wines and whisky that improve its enjoyment. The organization is also committed to maintain the highest degree of expertise and professionalism, so as to market and sell all its products, such as wines and whiskies, to the food and beverage industry. Further, the company aims at shipping and distributing the aforementioned products in the most responsible way. The company’s mission is to share its love for high-standard wines with individuals who like taking wine. All the brands of products manufactured by the Flaming Waters will be certified as made from organically grown grapes and healthy raw materials. Such products are backed by the organization with absolute satisfaction guarantee. Flaming

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas Assignment

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas - Assignment Example A Senate term will be four years while that of the house of representative is two years with both parties having unlimited number of terms they can serve. Both the president and the vice president shall be voted in by the citizens through free and secret ballot. The president will later nominate the cabinet and the Supreme Court justices who are eventually approved by the Senate. One shall have to attain the age of twenty -five years and been living in the country for at least seven years (Ritchie, 2006). If a vacancy in the elective posts occurs, the executive in charge shall issue a notice within sixty days. If it happens to be the president, the vice president shall automatically be the President for the remaining period. A runoff election occurs in the case of tied votes for any level of elective post. The president shall be required to get twenty-five percent of the total votes in twenty-seven states. Any candidate who proved to have violated the election regulations shall automatically not participate, and one can cease to hold an office through a vote of no confidence by three-thirds of the house (Ritchie,

Key Characteristics of Feminist Criminology Term Paper

Key Characteristics of Feminist Criminology - Term Paper Example Infanticide has historically been considered a sex-specific crime, or one that "actually excludes the members of one sex by legal definition." Carol Smart points out in her descriptions of the English legal system that infanticide is the one exception to equally applicable British law since it is an offense committable only by women. Some attribute this offense to the occasion when an unmarried mother must rid herself of a shameful secret through suffocation, strangulation, and the infliction of wounds or fractures to the skull as the most frequent forms of infanticide. (Coramae Richey) It is difficult for a woman to use physical strength in an assault, so she is forced to use a knife or a household product. The practice of throwing scarring solutions such as lye, gasoline, and acids is still a common practice used by women to equalize their lack of assaultive strength. Many violent women offenders wait until their male victims are asleep to perpetuate their assaults, which, in some cases, become homicides. (Coramae Richey) Very little is known about family violence, but recent examinations of the problem have revealed some startling cases of women who abuse their children, husband, and parents. The actual extent of family violence is generally unknown. The younger child is most often the victim, and while mothers are more likely (68 percent) than fathers (58 percent) to commit child abuse, both parents are equally capable of serious violence against their children. The thought of the 'little woman' beating up or battering her husband is cause for many deep guffaws, especially from men. Yet this form of spouse abuse is now believed to be more commonplace than previously imagined.  

The Concept of Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Concept of Risk - Essay Example The occurrence of an undesirable event is known as risks and risk management is a subject of great importance in project management. The risks which occur in project management is objectified and often occurs in the form of monetary loss and there is always an uncertainty associated with the occurrence of risk, however, the results of a risk are always undesirable for the people and organizations involved in the project. Project Risk Management has become a very important field of study in recent years because the project costs are very high these years and substantial capital is involved in the execution of the projects. Moreover, monetary loss is not the only issue, the time constraint has become much more important in the current economic and political scenario and the uncertainties in the execution of the project can delay the completion of the projects. These delays can result in fines and heavy penalties and can also affect the execution of other associated projects, therefore it is imperative to analyze and manage risk properly. Some authors also include the risk of life in risk assessment associated with a project, however, in this essay, it will not be discussed as a risk in project management because it is more relevant to health and safety issues. Thus there is a general consensus among the authors regarding the definition and concept of risk in project management. A risk is always an uncertainty in the execution of the project with a little probability of occurrence.... has become a very important field of study in recent years because the project costs are very high these years and substantial capital is involved in the execution of the projects. Moreover monetary loss is not the only issue, the time constraint has become much more important in the current economic and political scenario and the uncertainties in the execution of the project can delay the completion of the projects. These delays can result in fines and heavy pnealties and can also affect the execution of other associated projects, therefore it is imperative to analyse and manage risk properly. Some authors also include the risk of life in risk assessment associated with a project, however in this essay it will not be discussed as risk in project management because it is more relevant to health and safety issues (Jeynes, 2002). Thus there is a general consensus among the authors regarding the definition and concept of risk in project management. A risk is always an uncertainty in the execution of the project with a little probability of occurrence, however if occurs it always has undesirable result. Risk Management is always carried out in five steps: 1. Identification 2. Analysis 3. Resolution 4. Implementation 5. Monitoring Risk in PRINCE2 PRINCE2 is a process driven project management method and thus the management of a project as per PRINCE2 is carried out in steps. It gives ultimate liberty to the project management team to control and neutralize risks in project management. According to PRINCE2 risk is an uncertainty in the outcome of a project, this uncertainty is a two way pehnomenon, it can be a positive opportunity or a negative threat. Thus all the unclear outcomes of a project are termed as risk in PRINCE2 method of project management (Bentley, 2005).

International Political Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Political Economy - Assignment Example ment of patents and copyrights which will strictly intellectual property rights and investor-state-arbitration that will grant investor the right to initiate dispute against a foreign government under the international law. Personally, I do not think it is necessary to have an additional agreement such as TPP to govern MNCs and FDIs because there are already existing frameworks that functions like TPP such as GATT, NAFTA, APEC etch. TPP however strengthens the enforcement of intellectual property rights and provide investors to initiate dispute against foreign government which could instill confidence among MNCs and FDIs. Recently, President Barack Obama visited its allies in Asia the latest of which is the Philippines. Albeit the two countries had different expectation about Obama’s visit, where President Obama is lobbying for the TPP and the Philippines to get the commitment of United States against China’s increasing aggression, the latter expressed openness and willingness to participate in the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership). Walmart is good for the US/global welfare because it has dramatically cut the price of products by partnering with China. By offshoring its supply center to China, the cost of goods that will be sold drastically dropped making goods and services more affordable and therefore good for US/global welfare. Walmart changed the center of power in retailing that manufacturers no longer dictates price which made it expensive but rather the retailer such as Walmart which is sensitive to the market and dramatically dropped it. Walmart is not good for women. In its drive to bring the cost of its retailed products down, one of the components it downgraded is the salary and benefits of its employees. In addition, there had been reports also that Walmart discriminate against women in its retail outlets which made the retail giant not good for women. Cutting costs to sell cheap had the implication of not only lowering salaries which is

Feminist Perspectives on Prostitution as an Illegal Contract Essay

Feminist Perspectives on Prostitution as an Illegal Contract - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that contracts for an illegal purpose will not be enforced by the courts. In the UK, prostitution per se, is not illegal. However, many activities associated with prostitution such as kerb crawling, solicitation, living of earnings from prostitution, operating a brothel and advertising prostitution services are all illegal. Nevertheless, at common law, contracts purporting to support or encourage a sexually immoral act will be regarded as illegal and thus deemed illegal contracts. Prostitution is regarded as the promotion of sexual immorality and as such, any contract involving prostitution is regarded as an illegal contract. The liberal feminist or contractarian perception of prostitution argues that absent the use of force, prostitution is a legitimate economic choice for women and thus should be treated as any other contract of service or employment. Radical feminist theorists however, argue that prostitution involves selling one’ s body and is not simply the â€Å"use of the human body† but also the â€Å"sexual use of a woman’s body†. Radical feminist theory is consistent with the perceptions that prostitution is immoral and thus contracts involving prostitution would be illegal. Liberal feminist theory dismisses the immoral characterization of unforced prostitution and argues that prostitutes should be accorded the protection of the law via the law of contract and in particular service or employment contracts.... minism, an argument can be made in support of illegalizing contracts involving prostitutes in cases where the prostitute is forced into prostitution or is a minor. However, women who voluntarily turn to prostitution, may not see themselves as forced into the trade and will not likely see themselves as victims. From the perspective of radical feminists, prostitution represents the â€Å"subordination†, â€Å"degradation† and â€Å"victimisation† of women by men.10 Radical feminists argue that prostitution by definition is an act of violence. In this regard, there is no such thing as â€Å"voluntary prostitution†, because it invariably involves some form of force, â€Å"even if the worker is unaware of it†.11 Radical feminist Susan G. Cole characterizes prostitution as institutionalised male dominance and likens it to institutionalised slavery and dominance by the White race. In institutionalised slavery Blacks were hurt and via institutionalised pros titutions women are hurt.12 Radical feminist Andrea Dworkin argues that prostitution cannot be understood by reference to the exercise of individual choice. According to Dworkin, prostitution together with rape â€Å"negates self-determination and choice for women†.13 In general, radical feminists argue that prostitution is an inherently harmful institution for women on three specific grounds. Firstly, prostitution involves purchasing a service that involves the degradation of the women offering the service. Secondly, prostitution itself relies on the perpetuation of inequality in terms of social and economic statuses and power between the prostitute and her client. Finally, prostitution â€Å"contributes to the perpetuation of the inequalities† underlying the â€Å"practice†.14 With respect to the first ground that prostitution