In ken keseay’s one flew over the cuckoo’s nest a psychiatric ward beco

In ken keseays one flew over the cuckoos nest a psychiatric ward becomes a fiction for the oppressive nature of societyIn ken keseays one flew over the cuckoos nest a psychiatric wardbecomes a metaphor for the oppressive nature of society. This symbolic allegory relays the story of an inmate standing up against the powerfulforces that operate a mental institute. This novel represents morethan man vs the institutions. The novel compels us to think nigh justhow thin the line is that separates insanity from sanity and treatmentfrom control. One flew Over thee cuckoos nest represents a heroicstruggle of personality against an institution of oblivious conformity.Change becomes relevant in each character in the ward all through theinfluence of mcmurphy. The central character chief bromden experiencesa precious outbreak as mcmurphy brings him out of his shell.Chief bromden is a paranoid schizophrenic as well as the narrator ofthe novel. Kesey uses the mental hospital as a metaphor for t heoppression he sees in the modern society. This makes us questi...

The Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

The skipper of the FliesWilliam Golding uses much symbolism in his novel, The Lord of the Flies, to help readers gain a greater understanding of his message. He uses symbolism in three important areas objects that have symbolic value as references to ideas, characters that symbolize important historical and religious people, and the setting which frames the conflicts on the island in comparison to the whole world. Objects are the first part of the story that are symbolic.Many objects in The Lord of the Flies have important symbolic value. The conch exhaust represents power and authority, and Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to meetings. Whoever has the shell has the power to talk. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a crown, sceptre, or other thins that show who has power. We too go over that objects dont really give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralphs conch. The pigs head, or Lord of the Flies, is an important object. To Jack it is a sacrifice for the beast. This object shows that people will make religions andrituals to nurse their world, even when what they think is not true. The Lord of the Flies is as well a symbol of Satan, or the Devil. When Simon talked with the Lord of the Flies, he learned what the real evil was, which is the evil in peoples hearts. The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the things we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things arent the real reason. The fire is a symbol of hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys were working touchy to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because many boys, like Jack, didnt care anymore about beingrescued. In the end, the fire that got them rescued was not meant for rescue. It was thither because Jack was burning down the island to kill Ralph. This shows us that we get things from luck instead of hard work. The objects in the story are used by characters that also have symbolism.The many differen t characters on the island are symbols of important people. They show how the real world is made up of people. Ralph is a good leader who cannot control bad people like Jack. Ralph is like Franklin Roosevelt before World War II who could not stop the war from breaking out.

she said yes :: essays research papers

I read "She Said Yes" by Misty Bernall. The make company is The Plough Publishing House, and it is 140 pages long. Cassie Bernall, a 17 year old junior at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, was a typical teen having a typical day, when two rampaging classmates put a gun to her head and asked her if she believed in god. She said yes. Its a story of evolution up in the 90s, of peer pressure, adolescents, turmoil, and the role parents play a story of tough choices and the battle between good and evil in any person. tho in the end, its a story of redemption more enduring than the tragedy that disregard Cassie Bernalls life short. It was a relatively saucer-eyed question. Do you believe in God? On April 20th, 1999 Cassie Ren Bernall said "Yes". It was the last word she would ever speak. On the day of the tragedy Cassie became a martyr for her God. In the aftermath of the tragedy its easy to raise Cassie up the status of a saint. Cassie was nothing more th en a typical teenager worried about their future, her looks and the things that almost every other teenager worries about, but Cassie alike sported a deep love for her God. But it wasnt always that way. While Cassie had always been a sweet and loving child she took a turn for the worst in her teenage years, and headed rout a dark, dangerous path, just like those ones as her killers. Her friends were less then good role models, Cassie became fascinated with witchcraft, drinking, suicide and perhaps the death of her parents. Fortunately, her parents put garner written to Cassie by a close friend which were talking about things that they could do to her parents that would be tragic. Afraid of what might happen, the Bernalls turned the letters over to the local police. A youth pastor spent a lot of time talking with Cassie, only to later say that there was no hope for her. But like most parents Cassias wouldnt give up. The pulled her out her current school and enrolled her in a Chri stian school, they cut off all contact with her old friends, and basically put her under house arrest. Anything to get their sweet little girl back. Cassie hated them for it. They also hated having to get so serious with their daughter.

BMW Essay -- essays research papers

BMW and Audi, two German automobile manufacturers, have a reputation for making some of the best cars in the industry. Not only are both companies superior in their mathematical production, but their financial statements also indicate stability and efficiency. Looking at financial ratios, we allow for compare both companies on a basis of management efficiency and debt status. As a bank analyst, we will make a recommendation as to which family would be go against to approve a loan for. A recommendation will also be made regarding management effectiveness and which company would make a better investment.BMW has captured the attention of automobile drivers from all around the world with their Ultimate Driving Machine. The BMW Company was originally established in Germany and has protracted nationally reaching over 12 countries. With Germany and the United States being the top two target countries, BMW has established their products as a combination of luxury, safety, and comfort w ith product lines to suit all styles of living. Revenues have been increasing each year since before 1996 with profits coming from product line of automobiles and motorcycles. In 2001, BMW came out with a untested product group, the Mini. The Mini also contributed to the revenue increase in 2001. BMW has current developments in their sports cars, the Z8. BMW has created a trustworthy name for the automobiles they produce and has all the potential to cross their success in the future.Audi, one of Germanys first automobile producers, has been designing and building cars since August Horch, its founder, completed his first car in 1901. Over the eld following, a series of innovations and mergers have led Audi to the position it is in today. Audis subsidiaries include companies to facilitate international operations, part manufacturers, a vehicle customization company, a engineering research company, and Lamborghini Corp, a successful sports car manufacturer. Audis current development s include its holding the EU Seal of Environmental Protection, and a number of technological advancements, including tonic car designs and a seeing car technology that has been nominated for the German Future award for Technology and Innovation. BMWAudiProfitability RatiosReturn on Equity... ...reflects this. This again shows BMWs less efficient cost management than Audi. Through Dupont analysis, we have been able to see the specific strengths and weaknesses of BMW and Audis management. BMWs lower profit allowance account and asset turnover indicate less efficient cost management and asset management. Their debt multiplier indicates that theyre taking advantage of debt, but the benefit of this isnt realized because of their problems with cost and asset management. Due to Audis more efficient use of their assets, and better cost efficiency, it can be said that their management has performed better than BMWs over the past year. BMW and Audi both build cars that have a reputation f or security, reliability and quality. These traits transcend into their financial statements, making both of them a peachy investment due to their debt status, and management effectiveness. Our recommendation as a bank loan analyst would be for BMW due to its superior liquidity and low risk. When evaluating management performance for equity investment, Audi is clearly a better investment. This is primarily due to its superior asset management, debt allocation, and inventory management.

Research Proposal for Academic Achievement and Parental Involvement Ess

AbstractMost recently there has been much heated debate regarding our childrens education and the blamed responsibility to be in the transfer of the educational system. However, researchers and educators generally agree that parents play an extremely important role in school-age childs academic development. Parents have been found to actually have the advantage everywhere peers, educators, counselors, and other professionals. This study examines the assumed relationship with a students academic achievement and the amount of parental involvement they receive. There also seems to be an increasing disposition toward higher educational expectations. High school sophomores in 1990 were more likely than sophomores in 1980 to report the expectation of receiving a bachelors or advanced college degree. Educational skill does appear to be increasingly important to students, parents, counselors, and teachers. These apparent trends in educational expectations and advice given by ad ults were consistent across races, socioeconomic strata, school type, section of the country, and student achievement levels (Rasinski et al., 1993). The purpose of this study is to merely examine the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement. With the study of these two topics there are umteen various variables that help in determining the eventual out come. It is extremely difficult to form any conclusions regarding parental involvement because for the variety in conceptuality and the subjective measurement of parent involvement. Other variables obviously play important roles such as, internal locus of control (Baumrind, 1991 Trusty & Lampe, 1997), and self-esteem (Chubb & Fertman, 1992). It is generally accepte... ...reement with perceive maternal and paternal educational goals. Journal of Marriage and the Family. (43, 85-93). Smith, T. E. (1991). Agreement of adolescent educational expectations with perceived maternal and pater nal educational goals. Youth & Society. (23, 155-174). Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Darling, N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child festering. (63, 1266-1281). Trusty, J. (1996). Relationship of parent involvement in teens career development to teens attitudes, perceptions, and behavior. Journal of Research and Development in Education. (30, 317-323). Wilson, P. M., & Wilson, J. R. (1992). Environmental influences on adolescent educational aspirations. Youth & Society. (24, 52-70).

Shakespeares King Lear - Suffering of Cordelia in King Lear Essay

The tragedy of Shakespeares King Lear is made far more tragic and painful by the presence and suffering of the kings youngest daughter, Cordelia. While our sympathy for the king is somewhat restrained by his brutal cruelty towards others, there is nothing to numb our emotional response to Cordelias suffering. Nothing, that is, at first glance. Harley Granville-Barker justifies her irreconcilable fate thus the tragic truth about life to the Shakespeare that wrote King Lear... includes its capricious cruelty. And what meeter forfeit to this than Cordelia?5 Yet in another passage Granville-Barker has come much closer to touching on the real explanation. I quote the passage at length.   It will be a fatal error to present Cordelia as a meek saint. She has more than a touch of her father in her. She is as proud as he is, and as obstinate, for all her sweetness and her youth. And, being young, she answers uncalculatingly with pride to his pride even as later she answers with pity to his misery. To miss this likeness between the two is to miss Shakespeares first important dramatic effect the mighty old man and the frail child, confronted, and each unyielding... If age owes some adjustment to youth, it may be thought too that youth owes to age and fatherhood something more--and less--than the truth...6 Again he sums it up Pride unchecked in Lear has grown erroneous and diseased with his years. In her youth it shows unspoiled, it is in flower. But it is the same pride.7   As in his portrayal of Desdemona, here too Shakespeare has presented a woman of beauty and culture. Her port is gentle and refined though not lacking in strength or determination. Her emotions are deep, pure, loyal and e... ... speak When power to flattery bows? To plainness honours take shape When majesty falls to folly. (I.i.144-8)   The immediate result is the order for his own exile from the kingdom and his donning a disguise so that he may continue his overhaul to Lear. It is noteworthy that none of the truly evil characters in the drama have yet taken a conscious initiative. Up to this point everything centers around the fundamental interaction of Lear, Cordelia and Kent and all the terrible sufferings which follow have their source in this encounter. To rightly comprehend King Lear, we must see the true significance of the court and the cultivate relationship between it and the tragedy that follows. We must discover the source of the great intensity and direction which finds expression in the action of the drama, and carries it to its inexorable conclusion.    

Shakespeares King Lear - Suffering of Cordelia in King Lear Essay

The tragedy of Shakespeares King Lear is made far more tragic and painful by the presence and suffering of the kings youngest daughter, Cordelia. go our sympathy for the king is somewhat restrained by his brutal cruelty towards others, there is nothing to dampen our emotional response to Cordelias suffering. Nothing, that is, at first glance. Harley Granville-Barker justifies her unreconcilable fate thus the tragic truth about life to the Shakespeare that wrote King Lear... includes its capricious cruelty. And what meeter sacrifice to this than Cordelia?5 Yet in another expiration Granville-Barker has come much closer to touching on the real explanation. I quote the passage at length.   It will be a fatal error to present Cordelia as a meek saint. She has more than a touch of her father in her. She is as proud as he is, and as obstinate, for entirely her sweetness and her offspring. And, being young, she answers uncalculatingly with pride to his pride even as later she answ ers with pity to his misery. To miss this likeness between the two is to miss Shakespeares first main(prenominal) dramatic effect the mighty old man and the frail child, confronted, and each unyielding... If age owes some tolerance to youth, it may be thought too that youth owes to age and fatherhood something more--and less--than the truth...6 Again he sums it up Pride unchecked in Lear has grown monstrous and diseased with his years. In her youth it shows unspoiled, it is in flower. that it is the same pride.7   As in his portrayal of Desdemona, here too Shakespeare has presented a woman of beauty and culture. Her demeanor is gentle and refined though not absent in strength or determination. Her emotions are deep, pure, loyal and e... ... speak When power to flattery bows? To plainness honours bound When majesty falls to folly. (I.i.144-8)   The immediate result is the establish for his own exile from the kingdom and his donning a disguise so that he may continue his service to Lear. It is noteworthy that none of the truly evil characters in the drama have yet taken a conscious initiative. Up to this point everything centers around the interaction of Lear, Cordelia and Kent and all the terrible sufferings which follow have their computer address in this encounter. To rightly comprehend King Lear, we must see the true significance of the court and the direct relationship between it and the tragedy that follows. We must ensnare the source of the great intensity and direction which finds expression in the action of the drama, and carries it to its inexorable conclusion.    

Preaching to Every Pew: A Book Review Essay

Introduction The issue of immigration continues to be a thorny issue in the United States. The arrive of Hispanics and Asians is on the rise. Even if in that location be sectors in the society who want to limit the number of immigrants in the country, it slew no longer be denied that immigrants admit an increasing role in the fabric of the Ameri stern society. Up to some extent, the authorities and the hatful in the society should be able to cope with this existence and make the best use of the situation. As different races enter the United States, culture becomes richer and more diverse. The society, including the performes, should take none of the changes brought ab turn up by this phenomenon and reach out to people belonging to different ethnical backgrounds. This multicultural setting, however, is a difficult thing to handle. There are different issues that provoke to be understood and weedt with if the churches would similar to be relevant to all people groups. lat er on all, the church is not only a church for White people but the Lord savior Christ repeatedly stressed the universality of the Gospel and the br some otherhood of all humans. Cultural alteration includes differences in languageand this not only involves the grammar and modes of speaking and writing. Rather, there are subtle nuances and differences in expressing metaphors and meaning, which is inherent in e rattling language. As such, those who speak English as a second language would not easily understand metaphors and idiomatic expressions in the English language. In addition to this, every culture has different practices, which would work outm incomprehensible or downright crazy to people from another culture. If the lenses of a particular culture were used to understand another, then the result would be conflict and misunderstanding.Dealing with Multiculturalism in the Church The churches are not spared from this difficulty of dealing with multiculturalism. However, unlik e the corporate globe that explores how to deal with multiculturalism, churches are floundering with their efforts to reach out to people belong to different cultures. With this reality in jointure America, Nieman and Rogers book Preaching to Every church bench is a timely advice and provides a blueprint in dealing with multiculturalism. The book is not merely the musings of two theorists. Rather, the authors did considerable research and interviews with pastors whose ministries are located in multicultural settings. Hence, their ministry is grounded in unfeigned practice, thereby providing credence to the concepts and principles that they explore. Their approach is systematic and comprehensive. They cover all the major factors affect the issue of multiculturalism. The authors explore hospitality as a theological mandate for pastors and church members to deal with the cultural diversity in their congregations. Indeed, by dint ofout the Old Testament, hospitality1 is an grand commandment of God.In the New Testament, hospitality was extended to Jesus and eventually to the disciples as they propagated the world to different areas of the world. Their setting then was also multicultural. Jesus, himself, offers a abundant example of cross-cultural communication. When Jesus was in Samaria, he transcended cultural differences and social differences when he talked and ministered to the Samaritan cleaning woman. When he spoke to the woman, he used terms and cultural references that the woman could relate to. If he did not, then the chances are, the woman impart not listen to him and simply dismiss his claims.By looking at the example of Christ, we can see his sensitivity as well as the way he considered the cultural background of the person he is talking to. Through these theological principles, then, Christians are reminded of their root and how they can emulate the example of Jesus and of the early disciples in dealing with believers from other cultural sett ings. This discussion is then followed by an examination of different cultural frames of the congregation.Cultural Frames Affecting DiversityThere are four different cultural frames that the author explored ethnicity, economic class, geographical displacement, and religious belief. These cultural frames were used by the authors in explaining the nature and dynamics of multiculturalism in the church. Through carefully crafted chapters, the authors described the cultural frame under consideration. After such a description, they listed down misconceptions and dealt with them tiptop by point.According to the authors, the concept of ethnicity is more comprehensive than the term race because the former takes into account the communal identities of peoples instead of merely taking note of colourize and physical characteristics. In addition to this, people who move to the United States are usually displaced geographically because of economic needsthey do not pull in a lot opportunity to work in their countries. As such, they choose to risk their lives and their identities by coming to America.As a result of the displacement, they become disoriented and they might recover that they do not belong to the new society where they relocated. Even if they were Christians from their places of origin, they still find it difficult to assimilate themselves to the American society that they find themselves in. In a sense, ethnicity becomes a question of politics and economics. Their social situation also has an important impact on the way they will accept or listen to sermons tell to them. Furthermore, because of their cultural backgrounds, they will have different views regarding Christianity and the message it brings.Economic class is another cultural frame through which immigrants view their world. Because they have to work a lot and meet their needs, a lot of immigrants would rather go to work on Sundays rather than attend church and listen to the sermon. This should als o be interpreted into account by preachers. After all, a pastor or a priest talking to middle class families will not make such(prenominal) sense to an immigrant who is barely making a living, in the same way that middle class could not relate with preaching directed towards rich people.After dealing fully with the cultural frame, the authors then enumerate several areas in the frame under consideration, which preachers, pastors, and even priests should take into account as they minister through preaching to a multicultural congregation. In conclusion to the chapters dealing with these cultural frames, the authors suggest several strategies in preaching to a multicultural congregation.People from other parts of the world tend to bring with them their own religion. When they enter the United States, they might have come from a Buddhist, Islamic, or non-Christian religions. Each religion would have its own worldview and assumptions about the world. Hence, there is also a challenge in communicating with people from different religions. But in a manner of speaking, those who have a similar concept of a personal God might be easier to talk to than those from polytheistic religions.In the final chapter of the book, Niemann and Rogers provided a discussion on the ministry of preachers and their role in this fast changing world. Multiculturalism is another issue that they have to deal with if they were to minister effectively to their congregations. With globalization raging all over the world and as people become more mobile, the challenges of preaching can easily become gargantuan. The authors, therefore, provided several means in which preachers and pastors can do this.The authors dealt with cultural diversity in the churches. However, they did not dwell much on the social advocacy part of the issue. Nonetheless, the authors did a good job of helping church workers be shaken awake in dealing with cultural diversity. The world tends to be confusing and more difficu lt to deal with because of a great deal of issues. Yet, the authors have worn upon Gods word and actual experiences in the field to draw out interesting concepts and strategies to deal with this cultural diverse world created by God.The Authors both(prenominal) James R. Niemann and Thomas G. Rogers teach Homiletics. The former teaches at Wartburg Theological Seminary while the latter is Associate Professor at Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary. some(prenominal) authors are Lutheran in background. Even with their background, the authors were able to transcend denominational differences to become relevant to most denominations, including the Roman Catholic Church since the issue they are dealing with affects not only protestant churches, but every church in general.Cultural Diversity and the Challenge of the TimesCultural diversity can no longer be prevented. In fact, it might grow even more pronounced in the coming years as more and more countries become open to each other. Beca use of this diversity, people from different cultural backgrounds will have different and radical interpretations even if they were listening to the same message. Niemann and Rogers book helps preachers deal with this. In the process, they are also helping congregations in the long run in understanding Gods word preached to them. Preaching to Every Pew is a relevant book to our timesfor mainline protestant denomination and even for the Roman Catholic Church. The book provides a comprehensive look at how culture shapes the worldviews of people and how it influences the already complicated process of communication. Since preaching is a form of communication involving the word of God, the authors then outline principles and practices based on scriptures and on actual practice so that preaching can be more dynamic in dealing with cultural diversity.In this regard, the book is a very useful tool for pastors, priests and even lay preachers. It helps them become more relevant and interesti ng. Hopefully, by consulting this book, pastors, preachers, and priests can avoid becoming boring and insensitive in the church. Rather, they can become dynamic and sensitive to the cultural diversity that God has instituted in the world. The authors have provided great insights into the cross-cultural nature of society. These are grounded in biblical principles and hardheaded application. Yet, there is no alternative for loving people and treating them as neighbors in accordance with what the Bible teaches. Differences may be there but through cross-cultural strategies, pastors, preachers and priests can truly help in making these Christians one although diverse.Conclusion The Church is Christs legacy. It is His instrument in working out His will on the planet. The church, on the other hand, even through its flaws and mistakes, is called upon to initiate people into the wonderful experience of following Christ. This is done best by preaching and actual means of reaching out to peo ple. The issue of immigration has been going on in the United States for the past decades. As this trend goes on, the Church is called upon to rethink its strategies and its framework in dealing with an increasingly becoming multicultural society. Although preaching is still a good way of reaching out to these immigrants, additional strategies are unavoidable so that they can become more receptive to the message that the church has to offer. If they were tapped and immersed in the life of the church in the United States, these immigrants can add reverberance and dynamism to the church through their different perspectives2.Christ, as the model of the Church, loved people and accepted them. In the course of his ministry, he showed cultural relevance and sensitivity. The church should no less than follow his footsteps. Otherwise, it fails to be relevant and it fails the mandate given to it by Christ. Niemann and Rogers have done a great job in screening to the church and Christians alike how to devised strategies and techniques dealing with multiculturalism in the society and in the church.BibliographyNiemann, James R. and Thomas G. Rogers. Preaching to Every Pew Cross-Cultural Strategies. Minneapolis Fortress Press, 2001.Warner, R. Stephen and Judith G. Wittner. Gatherings in Diaspora ghostly Communities and the New Immigration. Temple University Press, 19981 Niemann, James R. and Thomas G. Rogers. Preaching to Every Pew Cross-Cultural Strategies. Minneapolis Fortress Press, 2001. (p. 18)2 Warner, R. Stephen and Judith G. Wittner. Gatherings in Diaspora Religious Communities and the New Immigration. Temple University Press, 1998, p. 368.

Police Monitoring Of Social Networking Activities

My opinion well-nigh social network, is that it is a place where you can chat and have fun particle your friends. It has begun to be a place where sight compete with each other to radiate their perfect life. People put picture, video etc. up on Facebook, in the hope for likes and lovely comments. I think it is okay when people are writing and boosting pictures about themselves. When people begun to exhibit other by carte pictures and video of them, is grotesque because they just do it because of get success.In my opinion, people should not think about posting pictures or videos of people they assumet go through. If people think that their videos or pictures are for the benefit of police then send them a mail rather than share it with the whole world. It is the police job to earn the criminals not the youngs. To my mind is it extremely disrespectful to exhibit the rough they have it difficult enough already. The rough have often not learnt about the right and wrong things in the ir life, they just want to be seen.Some people think they are cool, when they post picture of their crime at the social media, still in the end they are shoot oneself in the foot. The police is upgraded and they are watch over the social media. Some people think that it is unpleasant to know that the police are watch oneself. As I see it, its a good idea because it helps the police to catch the criminals. It is mostly the rough how dont like this electronic surveillance because they are scared to be arrested. In my opinion it is okay that they police use electronic surveillance, if it helps them to minimize the trope of criminal activities.

Lateral and Vertical Collaboration Essay

Communication and quislingism are both essential elements in an organizations strategic objectives, chance(a) functionalities, and their ability to gain a competitive advantage. Kudler Fine Foods ability to communicate closely together as well as collaborate in their principal investigator functions are impressive however, an action plan that focuses on improving communication, along with lateral and vertical collaboration within Kudlers employees would prove to be serious to the success of the company. Benefits that Kudler could obtain are the elimination of errors or mistakes that occur because of the lack of communication between Kudlers Administrative departments, farm animal managers, department managers, and hourly employees an cast up in response time more effective inventory control a greater satisfaction among Kudlers employees and customers. As stated, lateral and vertical collaboration are forms of communication and collaboration that can help Kudler Fine Foods impro ve their communication efforts, which in turn will improve their company as a whole. Communication and information sharing between all levels of a companys hierarchy is called lateral collaboration. Kudler Fine Foods intranet technology allows store mangers and department managers, along with all of the administrative department staff the ability to view all of the companys operational information that helps in make strategic or even routine day-by-day decisions regarding the business. Kudlers Point of Sale Module (POS) also conveys valuable information on a daily basis. In regards to Kudlers technological systems, information sharing is excellent because of the ability to view the companys important information anytime by any of Kudlers management staff. The ability to handle real time problems and issues that need immediate attention are available through this technology. This allows the ability to collaborate with the different departments and their

Adolescent Development in Juvenile Recidivism

Punishment is a word that has many different meanings. It differs from person to person, state to state and even country to country. When looking at at the criminal justice constitution the purpose of punishment is deterrence, rehabilitation, retribution, and incapacitation (Bontrager, metalworker, & Winokur, 2008). Punishment involving adults is hard but when dealing with teenageds it is even more difficult. Adolescence is frequently thought to be a time of irrational and emotion influenced behavior. There are many who think that adolescence is just a phase that is an entity in and of its self.While many lot weed see the correlational statistics between the actions and behaviors that happen in adolescence to the habits and life style in adulthood few people see the correlation between a persons early childishness and the affect that has on his or her adolescence. There is no developmental phase that stands totally alone. from each one phase has a lasting consequence ramific ations on the next. This progressive developmental phase has lasting ramifications on the girlishs behavior, self-concept and maturity. Because of this there is a destiny to view modern crime and punishment differently than adult crime and punishment.The indicate for this is because some research has shown that recidivism rates among juvenile parolees are very high. It can range anywhere from fifty five percent to seventy five percent (Krisberg, Austin, and Steele, 1991). There is evidence that a vast studyity of juvenile offenders who guide been confined do non stop committing crimes when they are released. In situation, many juvenile offenders continue their criminal involvement into adulthood (Hamparian et al. , 1984). There is a motive to halt juvenile crime before it begins and there take to be a way to halt the progression of juvenile crime being declarative mood of adult crime.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how childhood development affects adolescents development and how this development is directly related to a troubled adolescents recidivism rate in relation to family, community and cordial support. When sentencing juvenile offenders there needs to be an emphasis not only on punishment but rehabilitation. Crime measure, whether on the juvenile level or adult level, falls into the three categories, of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention focuses on the conditions that may foster criminal activity. Primary prevention works to sway juveniles who are immersed in ommunities and cultures that promote violence and crime to seek healthier ways to detect ((Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). For example,i. e. a juvenile living in a depressed area will see that drugs and theft are the primary means of survival. Taking that juvenile to a farm, or a camp, exposes them hard, honest work is more satisfying, and less stressful than devious means of support. The idea behind primary prevention is the lust to create a more positive perspective, particularally for juveniles, which will effect positive change which will, hopefully, keep the adolescent from criminal behavior.Primary prevention speaks to pretty very a good deal all aspects of life. It takes into account poverty, unemployment and a wide variety of early(a) neighborly and psychological burdens. It enfolds all of the aforementioned items with support for families, schools, urban development, healthcare, stabilizing and strengthening respective(prenominal) personalities, social fosterage and combating prejudice (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). Primary prevention is an attempt at a catchall. The concept behind secondary prevention is not to look at the general environment, as in primary prevention, but to focus on a small, clearly defined group.This group encompasses children and young people whose individual development, or circumstances, or both, cause them to be a more likely candidate for becoming a potential offender. Secon dary prevention focuses on helping people who fall into this group specifically. The help may involve either working with adolescents, who live in socially depressed areas. It can in addition mean passage work, getting involved on the youths direct level, for young people who are difficult to reach in other ways (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). When looking at crime prevention Ttertiary prevention is the most clearly defined of the three categories.It is very specific in relation to its aims and target groups. Tertiary prevention endeavors to stop repeated offences and encourages the social integration of young offenders. In fact, the younger the age of an offender, the greater the significance of getting the offenders support system involved (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). This leads us into the path of criminal behavior in adolescents. Vygotskys Theory of cognitive learning is a socio-cultural theory of cognitive development that is base on the idea that learning happens pri marily done a childs interaction with the world.This theory shows the learning progression from early childhood to early childhood to adolescence to adulthood. Adults are the key to this theory and to the concept of child to adolescent development. Adults shape and foster a childs learning and development, intentionally, in a methodical manner depending on which culture and society the child hails from (Ormrod, 2008). Culture is often viewed as a local though it is not limited to a specific location. A persons culture is not just where a person was born, lived and died. Culture includes the how of ones birth, life and death.There needs to be knowingness that intentionality can be done on purpose, with a goal and purpose located forth, but it can also be done with the mindset of failure. When a parent, teacher, or a remarkable person in a childs life does not actively participate in the childs development that loss of interaction may set the child up for failure. It is intentiona lity focused on failure. Making a choice to do nothing is in reality making a choice to do something. Its a choice of promoting apathy, indifference and a lack of concern.It is a choice that may cause sealed damage and harm that has lasting implications. An example would be not making a decision concerning salvation through Jesus Christ. When a person does not choose Christ he or she is choosing Satan. While many people may think that concept is harsh it is true. When parents, loved ones, teachers, pastors or anyone who plays a significant role in a childs life chooses not to be actively involved it will cause reverberations that the child will feel forever. Thus, when a juvenile commits a crime and no one intervenes it creates chaos and confusion.It is generally ac noesisd that dysfunctional parenting practices and family conflict are common hazards related to a wide variety of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents. Improving parenting skills and enhancin g the confidence adolescents hold in their parents has the greatest potential in improving the childrens health, status, wellhead being, and in reducing the risk of developing serious mental health problems or behavioral problems. There is extensive entropy to support the importance of true(p) parenting in the maintenance, treatment and revention of childhood difficulties. This evidence comes from a wide variety of sources including different disciplines, behavioral genetics, developmental studies, and intervention research. There is substantial evidence that behavioral family interventions, based on social learning principles, are effective in the prevention and treatment of a range of childhood behavioral and emotional problems (Sanders, 2003). This data will have a huge impact on whether an adolescent commits a crime and also the recidivism rate when the child is released from whatever punishment given.The major premise of Vygotskys theoretical framework is that social interac tion plays a primary role in the development of cognition (Kearsley, 2010). Vygotsky taught that children learn how their culture interprets and responds to the world through formal and informal methods (Ormrod, 2008). This companionship draws a parallel between understanding what others consider acceptable, in and for society, and turning that knowledge inward and deciding what is acceptable for ones self.This knowledge happens as a child moves from early childhood to inwardness childhood . As the child enters adolescence it begins to show up in social and emotional competences. Although middle childhood is an important developmental period for the assimilation of various skills to meet the complexity of coming social situations, the foundation for them has its origin in infancy. In infancy and early childhood, a childs parental support allows him or her to learn to regulate behavior with consistent responsiveness from the parent to guide this developmental course.Increasingly, t he child begins to assume more control and can by early elementary school become more self-directed in carrying out the conglomerate set of skills required for problem solving in social situations. Accordingly, to obtain a childs competency in social problem solving, metre systems need to draw a bead on demands on the childs self regulatory, executive processing, and social engagement. Other basic skills that are also involved in social problem solving are competent language, regulation of attention, and memory (Landry, Smith, Swank, 2006).When a child does not learn these skills there is a fundamental lack in his or her foundation. The foundation may continue to be built upon but at some point it is likely to falter. Social and emotional competences have a wide range of developmental indicators that adolescents need for successful social adaptation. These indicators embrace positive interactions between adolescents and parents, teachers, care-givers and peers, emotional knowled ge, emotion regulatory abilities and relationship skills.When the adolescent is make aware that there is a problem in his or development scheme successful competency indicates a willingness to participate in special education programs for behavior problems. When a child moves into adolescence and these developmental indicators are not present, or are skewed, it is going to cause more developmental issues to arise. The process of maturation becomes much more difficult as the foundation needs to be reset in order to rebuild upon. The developmental indicators begin to show what the adolescent has carry in teaching form childhood to adolescent.A key component to seeing the correlation between a well adjusted adolescent and a unbalanced adolescent is to watch the behavior. Such behaviors would be acting-out, assertive social skills, emotional or behavioral disorder, frustration tolerance, peer social skills, shyness, anxiety and task orientation. Watching, and repairing deficiencies, foregoing in childhood affects social and emotional development in early adolescence (Niles, Reynolds Roe-Sepowitx, 2008). To more fully understand social competencies in daily situations there needs to be an observance of the integration of skills.There needs to be a link between competencies during middle childhood to the more complex social challenges in adolescence. As children enter middle school they are anticipate to interact in social situations without a huge amount of structure and support from outside sources (Landry, Smith Swank, 2009). The reason for this is because this skill set should have been taught to the adolescent during the period of lower mental function (Ormrod, 2008). The social interactions become more complex because the adolescents are expected to consider each others points of view.They are then also expected to assimilate other peoples views with their own and give feedback based on the knowledge they possess. Based on what was said earlier, adolesce nts can show success with these demands if they are demonstrating the ability to perceive and respond to the goals of others as well as others perceptions and beliefs. They can also show failure by being close minded or self-absorbed. Failure here may lead to an adolescent being ostracized, ignored or made fun of (Steinberg, 2005).Proficiency in shared interactions with others necessitates an assortment of cognitive, social, and verbal skills. From the social realm, adolescents need to understand the behavior of others. This is not limited to just understanding other peoples behaviors but also understanding that they, themselves, may have different perspectives, intentions, and knowledge. In order for this to occur successfully, they need to identify social cues and diversify their strategies on the basis of the feedback received from a social peer.Cognitively, a child is required to keep focused and attentive and use information to plan and reason how to organize behaviors to achi eve problem solving with others (Landry, Smith Swank, 2009). This is executive functioning which enters the realm of higher mental function (Ormrod, 2008). When a person goes from child to adolescent there needs to be an understanding of other peoples behavior. It is critical in being able to function in society. When this area is not developed fully it may cause issues in the area of self-concept, maturity and behavior (Steinberg, 2005).Integration of the many skills needed to function in more complex social situations is social problem solving. The ability to plan, sequence behaviors, and alter problem-solving strategies on the basis of feedback is often referred to as involving executive processing. Many theorists believe this is a critical set of behaviors for social competence because they help the child organize the information from the environment and process it to effectively comprehend social experiences.There is also an emphasis on the fact that social problem-solving req uires specific behaviors. Examples would be goal directedness and planning. These behaviors fall under the heading of self-regulation. For adolescents to function competently they require the ability to create new strategies for use in unique situations and they must be able to self-examine in order to restrain behaviors that are not appropriate for the social situation. Integration of these skills is occurring across childhood (Astington Pelletier, 2005). In sSaying hat though, there is a prolonged progressive course where these abilities multiply in complexity as the child enters into adolescence. These behaviors are multidimensional, and can fluctuate fluidly depending on the social context (Steinberg, Dahl, Keating, Kupfer, Masten, Pine 2006). Social context is very important when looking at juvenile crime and recidivism rates. A common response that spans history, in the publics concern with juvenile delinquency and violence has been to pass legislation promising stiffer pena lties as well as harsher sentences for juvenile offenders.What needs to be seen, though is the fact that crime damages people, communities, and relationships. There needs to be a balance created that includes the needs of the victim, offender, and communities. For there to be a healthy paying back process each party needs to be involved. While an offender needs to be punished unless there are support systems in place for the offender, when released, the recidivism rates for that particular offender will continue to rise (Stenhjem, 2003).